资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Anchor \An"chor\ ([a^][ng]"k[~e]r), n. [OE. anker, AS. ancor,
   oncer, L. ancora, sometimes spelt anchora, fr. Gr. 'a`gkyra,
   akin to E. angle: cf. F. ancre. See {Angle}, n.]
   1. A iron instrument which is attached to a ship by a cable
      (rope or chain), and which, being cast overboard, lays
      hold of the earth by a fluke or hook and thus retains the
      ship in a particular station.

   Note: The common anchor consists of a straight bar called a
         shank, having at one end a transverse bar called a
         stock, above which is a ring for the cable, and at the
         other end the crown, from which branch out two or more
         arms with flukes, forming with the shank a suitable
         angle to enter the ground.

   Note: Formerly the largest and strongest anchor was the sheet
         anchor (hence, Fig., best hope or last refuge), called
         also {waist anchor}. Now the bower and the sheet anchor
         are usually alike. Then came the best bower and the
         small bower (so called from being carried on the bows).
         The stream anchor is one fourth the weight of the bower
         anchor. Kedges or kedge anchors are light anchors used
         in warping.

   2. Any instrument or contrivance serving a purpose like that
      of a ship's anchor, as an arrangement of timber to hold a
      dam fast; a contrivance to hold the end of a bridge cable,
      or other similar part; a contrivance used by founders to
      hold the core of a mold in place.

   3. Fig.: That which gives stability or security; that on
      which we place dependence for safety.

            Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul. --Heb.
                                                  vi. 19.

   4. (Her.) An emblem of hope.

   5. (Arch.)
      (a) A metal tie holding adjoining parts of a building
          together.
      (b) Carved work, somewhat resembling an anchor or
          arrowhead; -- a part of the ornaments of certain
          moldings. It is seen in the echinus, or egg-and-anchor
          (called also {egg-and-dart}, {egg-and-tongue})
          ornament.

   6. (Zo["o]l.) One of the anchor-shaped spicules of certain
      sponges; also, one of the calcareous spinules of certain
      Holothurians, as in species of {Synapta}.

   {Anchor ice}. See under {Ice}.

   {Anchor ring}. (Math.) Same as {Annulus}, 2 (b).

   {Anchor stock} (Naut.), the crossbar at the top of the shank
      at right angles to the arms.

   {The anchor comes home}, when it drags over the bottom as the
      ship drifts.

   {Foul anchor}, the anchor when it hooks, or is entangled
      with, another anchor, or with a cable or wreck, or when
      the slack cable entangled.

   {The anchor is acockbill}, when it is suspended
      perpendicularly from the cathead, ready to be let go.

   {The anchor is apeak}, when the cable is drawn in do tight as
      to bring to ship directly over it.

   {The anchor is atrip}, or {aweigh}, when it is lifted out of
      the ground.

   {The anchor is awash}, when it is hove up to the surface of
      the water.

   {At anchor}, anchored.

   {To back an anchor}, to increase the holding power by laying
      down a small anchor ahead of that by which the ship rides,
      with the cable fastened to the crown of the latter to
      prevent its coming home.

   {To cast anchor}, to drop or let go an anchor to keep a ship
      at rest.

   {To cat the anchor}, to hoist the anchor to the cathead and
      pass the ring-stopper.

   {To fish the anchor}, to hoist the flukes to their resting
      place (called the bill-boards), and pass the shank
      painter.

   {To weigh anchor}, to heave or raise the anchor so as to sail
      away.



   {Foul anchor}. (Naut.) See under {Anchor}.

   {Foul ball} (Baseball), a ball that first strikes the ground
      outside of the foul ball lines, or rolls outside of
      certain limits.

   {Foul ball lines} (Baseball), lines from the home base,
      through the first and third bases, to the boundary of the
      field.

   {Foul berth} (Naut.), a berth in which a ship is in danger of
      fouling another vesel.

   {Foul bill}, or {Foul bill of health}, a certificate, duly
      authenticated, that a ship has come from a place where a
      contagious disorder prevails, or that some of the crew are
      infected.

   {Foul copy}, a rough draught, with erasures and corrections;
      -- opposed to fair or clean copy. ``Some writers boast of
      negligence, and others would be ashamed to show their foul
      copies.'' --Cowper.

   {Foul proof}, an uncorrected proof; a proof containing an
      excessive quantity of errors.

   {Foul strike} (Baseball), a strike by the batsman when any
      part of his person is outside of the lines of his
      position.

   {To fall foul}, to fall out; to quarrel. [Obs.] ``If they be
      any ways offended, they fall foul.'' --Burton.

   {To} {fall, or run}, {foul of}. See under {Fall}.

   {To make foul water}, to sail in such shallow water that the
      ship's keel stirs the mud at the bottom.