资料来源 : Free On-Line Dictionary of Computing

LZ77 compression
     
        The first {algorithm} to use the {Lempel-Ziv} {substitutional
        compression} schemes, proposed in 1977.  LZ77 compression
        keeps track of the last n bytes of data seen, and when a
        phrase is encountered that has already been seen, it outputs a
        pair of values corresponding to the position of the phrase in
        the previously-seen buffer of data, and the length of the
        phrase.  In effect the compressor moves a fixed-size "window"
        over the data (generally referred to as a "sliding window"),
        with the position part of the (position, length) pair
        referring to the position of the phrase within the window.
     
        The most commonly used {algorithm}s are derived from the
        {LZSS} scheme described by James Storer and Thomas Szymanski
        in 1982.  In this the compressor maintains a window of size N
        bytes and a "lookahead buffer", the contents of which it tries
        to find a match for in the window:
     
         while (lookAheadBuffer not empty)
         {
             get a pointer (position, match) to the longest match in
             the window for the lookahead buffer;
     
             if (length > MINIMUM_MATCH_LENGTH)
             {
               output a (position, length) pair;
               shift the window length characters along;
             }
             else
             {
               output the first character in the lookahead buffer;
               shift the window 1 character along;
             }
          }
     
        Decompression is simple and fast: whenever a (POSITION,
        LENGTH) pair is encountered, go to that POSITION in the window
        and copy LENGTH bytes to the output.
     
        Sliding-window-based schemes can be simplified by numbering
        the input text characters mod N, in effect creating a circular
        buffer.  The sliding window approach automatically creates the
        {LRU} effect which must be done explicitly in {LZ78} schemes.
        Variants of this method apply additional compression to the
        output of the LZSS compressor, which include a simple
        variable-length code ({LZB}), dynamic {Huffman} coding
        ({LZH}), and {Shannon-Fano} coding ({ZIP} 1.x), all of which
        result in a certain degree of improvement over the basic
        scheme, especially when the data are rather random and the
        LZSS compressor has little effect.  An algorithm was developed
        which combines the ideas behind LZ77 and LZ78 to produce a
        hybrid called {LZFG}.  LZFG uses the standard sliding window,
        but stores the data in a modified {trie} data structure and
        produces as output the position of the text in the trie.
        Since LZFG only inserts complete *phrases* into the
        dictionary, it should run faster than other LZ77-based
        compressors.
     
        All popular archivers ({arj}, {lha}, {zip}, {zoo}) are
        variations on LZ77.
     
        [comp.compression {FAQ}].
     
        (1995-04-07)