资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Firman \Fir"man\ (? or ?), n.; pl. {Firmans}or. [Pers.
   ferm[=a]n.]
   In Turkey and some other Oriental countries, a decree or
   mandate issued by the sovereign; a royal order or grant; --
   generally given for special objects, as to a traveler to
   insure him protection and assistance. [Written also
   {firmaun}.]