资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Keep \Keep\ (k[=e]p), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Kept}; p. pr. & vb.
   n. {Keeping}.] [OE. k?pen, AS. c?pan to keep, regard, desire,
   await, take, betake; cf. AS. copenere lover, OE. copnien to
   desire.]
   1. To care; to desire. [Obs.]

            I kepe not of armes for to yelp [boast]. --Chaucer.

   2. To hold; to restrain from departure or removal; not to let
      go of; to retain in one's power or possession; not to
      lose; to retain; to detain.

            If we lose the field, We can not keep the town.
                                                  --Shak.

            That I may know what keeps me here with you.
                                                  --Dryden.

            If we would weigh and keep in our minds what we are
            considering, that would instruct us.  --Locke.

   3. To cause to remain in a given situation or condition; to
      maintain unchanged; to hold or preserve in any state or
      tenor.

            His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal. --Milton.

            Keep a stiff rein, and move but gently on.
                                                  --Addison.

   Note: In this sense it is often used with prepositions and
         adverbs, as to keep away, to keep down, to keep from,
         to keep in, out, or off, etc. ``To keep off
         impertinence and solicitation from his superior.''
         --Addison.

   4. To have in custody; to have in some place for
      preservation; to take charge of.

            The crown of Stephanus, first king of Hungary, was
            always kept in the castle of Vicegrade. --Knolles.

   5. To preserve from danger, harm, or loss; to guard.

            Behold, I am with thee, and will keep thee. --Gen.
                                                  xxviii. 15.

   6. To preserve from discovery or publicity; not to
      communicate, reveal, or betray, as a secret.

            Great are thy virtues . . . though kept from man.
                                                  --Milton.

   7. To attend upon; to have the care of; to tend.

            And the Lord God took the man, and put him into the
            garden of Eden, to dress it and to keep it. --Gen.
                                                  ii. 15.

            In her girlish age, she kept sheep on the moor.
                                                  --Carew.

   8. To record transactions, accounts, or events in; as, to
      keep books, a journal, etc.; also, to enter (as accounts,
      records, etc. ) in a book.

   9. To maintain, as an establishment, institution, or the
      like; to conduct; to manage; as, to keep store.

            Like a pedant that keeps a school.    --Shak.

            Every one of them kept house by himself. --Hayward.

   10. To supply with necessaries of life; to entertain; as, to
       keep boarders.

   11. To have in one's service; to have and maintain, as an
       assistant, a servant, a mistress, a horse, etc.

             I keep but three men and a boy.      --Shak.

   12. To have habitually in stock for sale.

   13. To continue in, as a course or mode of action; not to
       intermit or fall from; to hold to; to maintain; as, to
       keep silence; to keep one's word; to keep possession.

             Both day and night did we keep company. --Shak.

             Within this portal as I kept my watch. --Smollett.

   14. To observe; to adhere to; to fulfill; not to swerve from
       or violate; to practice or perform, as duty; not to
       neglect; to be faithful to.

             I have kept the faith.               --2 Tim. iv.
                                                  7.

             Him whom to love is to obey, and keep His great
             command.                             --Milton.

   15. To confine one's self to; not to quit; to remain in; as,
       to keep one's house, room, bed, etc.; hence, to haunt; to
       frequent. --Shak.

             'Tis hallowed ground; Fairies, and fawns, and
             satyrs do it keep.                   --J. Fletcher.

   16. To observe duty, as a festival, etc.; to celebrate; to
       solemnize; as, to keep a feast.

             I went with them to the house of God . . . with a
             multitude that kept holyday.         --Ps. xlii. 4.

   {To keep at arm's length}. See under {Arm}, n.

   {To keep back}.
       (a) To reserve; to withhold. ``I will keep nothing back
           from you.'' --Jer. xlii. 4.
       (b) To restrain; to hold back. ``Keep back thy servant
           also from presumptuous sins.'' --Ps. xix. 13.

   {To keep company with}.
       (a) To frequent the society of; to associate with; as,
           let youth keep company with the wise and good.
       (b) To accompany; to go with; as, to keep company with
           one on a voyage; also, to pay court to, or accept
           attentions from, with a view to marriage. [Colloq.]
           

   {To keep counsel}. See under {Counsel}, n.

   {To keep down}.
       (a) To hold in subjection; to restrain; to hinder.
       (b) (Fine Arts) To subdue in tint or tone, as a portion
           of a picture, so that the spectator's attention may
           not be diverted from the more important parts of the
           work.

   {To keep good} (or {bad}) {hours}, to be customarily early
      (or late) in returning home or in retiring to rest. -- {To
   keep house}.
       (a) To occupy a separate house or establishment, as with
           one's family, as distinguished from boarding; to
           manage domestic affairs.
       (b) (Eng. Bankrupt Law) To seclude one's self in one's
           house in order to evade the demands of creditors. --
   {To keep one's hand in}, to keep in practice. -- {To keep
   open house}, to be hospitable. -- {To keep the peace} (Law),
      to avoid or to prevent a breach of the peace. -- {To keep
   school}, to govern, manage and instruct or teach a school, as
      a preceptor. -- {To keep a stiff upper lip}, to keep up
      one's courage. [Slang] -- {To keep term}.
       (a) (Eng. Universities) To reside during a term.
       (b) (Inns of Court) To eat a sufficient number of dinners
           in hall to make the term count for the purpose of
           being called to the bar. [Eng.] --Mozley & W.

   {To keep touch}. See under {Touch}, n.

   {To keep under}, to hold in subjection; hence, to oppress.

   {To keep up}.
       (a) To maintain; to prevent from falling or diminution;
           as, to keep up the price of goods; to keep up one's
           credit.
       (b) To maintain; to continue; to prevent from ceasing.
           ``In joy, that which keeps up the action is the
           desire to continue it.'' --Locke.

   Syn: To retain; detain; reserve; preserve; hold; restrain;
        maintain; sustain; support; withhold. -- To {Keep}.

   Usage: {Retain}, {Preserve}. Keep is the generic term, and is
          often used where retain or preserve would too much
          restrict the meaning; as, to keep silence, etc. Retain
          denotes that we keep or hold things, as against
          influences which might deprive us of them, or reasons
          which might lead us to give them up; as, to retain
          vivacity in old age; to retain counsel in a lawsuit;
          to retain one's servant after a reverse of fortune.
          Preserve denotes that we keep a thing against agencies
          which might lead to its being destroyed or broken in
          upon; as, to preserve one's health; to preserve
          appearances.

Counsel \Coun"sel\ (koun"s?l), n. [OE. conc?l, F. conseil, fr.
   L. consilium, fr. the root of consulere to consult, of
   uncertain origin. Cf. {Consult}, {Consul}.]
   1. Interchange of opinions; mutual advising; consultation.

            All the chief priest and elders of the people took
            counsel against Jesus, to put him to death. --Matt.
                                                  xxvii. 1.

   2. Examination of consequences; exercise of deliberate
      judgment; prudence.

            They all confess, therefore, in the working of that
            first cause, that counsel is used.    --Hooker.

   3. Result of consultation; advice; instruction.

            I like thy counsel; well hast thou advised. --Shak.

            It was ill counsel had misled the girl. --Tennyson.

   4. Deliberate purpose; design; intent; scheme; plan.

            The counsel of the Lord standeth forever. --Ps.
                                                  xxxiii. 11.

            The counsels of the wicked are deceit. --Prov. xii.
                                                  5.

   5. A secret opinion or purpose; a private matter.

            Thilke lord . . . to whom no counsel may be hid.
                                                  --Gower.

   6. One who gives advice, especially in legal matters; one
      professionally engaged in the trial or management of a
      cause in court; also, collectively, the legal advocates
      united in the management of a case; as, the defendant has
      able counsel.

            The King found his counsel as refractory as his
            judges.                               --Macaulay.

   Note: The some courts a distinction is observed between the
         attorney and the counsel in a cause, the former being
         employed in the management iof the more mechanical
         parts of the suit, the latter in attending to the
         pleadings, managing the cause at the trial, and in
         applying the law to the exigencies of the case during
         the whole progress of the suit. In other courts the
         same person can exercise the powers of each. See
         {Attorney}. --Kent.

   {In counsel}, in secret. [Obs.] --Chaucer.

   {To keep counsel}, or

   {To keep one's own counsel}, to keep one's thoughts,
      purposes, etc., undisclosed.

            The players can not keep counsel: they 'll tell all.
                                                  --Shak.

   Syn: Advice; consideration; consultation; purpose; scheme;
        opinion.