资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Anchor \An"chor\ ([a^][ng]"k[~e]r), n. [OE. anker, AS. ancor,
   oncer, L. ancora, sometimes spelt anchora, fr. Gr. 'a`gkyra,
   akin to E. angle: cf. F. ancre. See {Angle}, n.]
   1. A iron instrument which is attached to a ship by a cable
      (rope or chain), and which, being cast overboard, lays
      hold of the earth by a fluke or hook and thus retains the
      ship in a particular station.

   Note: The common anchor consists of a straight bar called a
         shank, having at one end a transverse bar called a
         stock, above which is a ring for the cable, and at the
         other end the crown, from which branch out two or more
         arms with flukes, forming with the shank a suitable
         angle to enter the ground.

   Note: Formerly the largest and strongest anchor was the sheet
         anchor (hence, Fig., best hope or last refuge), called
         also {waist anchor}. Now the bower and the sheet anchor
         are usually alike. Then came the best bower and the
         small bower (so called from being carried on the bows).
         The stream anchor is one fourth the weight of the bower
         anchor. Kedges or kedge anchors are light anchors used
         in warping.

   2. Any instrument or contrivance serving a purpose like that
      of a ship's anchor, as an arrangement of timber to hold a
      dam fast; a contrivance to hold the end of a bridge cable,
      or other similar part; a contrivance used by founders to
      hold the core of a mold in place.

   3. Fig.: That which gives stability or security; that on
      which we place dependence for safety.

            Which hope we have as an anchor of the soul. --Heb.
                                                  vi. 19.

   4. (Her.) An emblem of hope.

   5. (Arch.)
      (a) A metal tie holding adjoining parts of a building
          together.
      (b) Carved work, somewhat resembling an anchor or
          arrowhead; -- a part of the ornaments of certain
          moldings. It is seen in the echinus, or egg-and-anchor
          (called also {egg-and-dart}, {egg-and-tongue})
          ornament.

   6. (Zo["o]l.) One of the anchor-shaped spicules of certain
      sponges; also, one of the calcareous spinules of certain
      Holothurians, as in species of {Synapta}.

   {Anchor ice}. See under {Ice}.

   {Anchor ring}. (Math.) Same as {Annulus}, 2 (b).

   {Anchor stock} (Naut.), the crossbar at the top of the shank
      at right angles to the arms.

   {The anchor comes home}, when it drags over the bottom as the
      ship drifts.

   {Foul anchor}, the anchor when it hooks, or is entangled
      with, another anchor, or with a cable or wreck, or when
      the slack cable entangled.

   {The anchor is acockbill}, when it is suspended
      perpendicularly from the cathead, ready to be let go.

   {The anchor is apeak}, when the cable is drawn in do tight as
      to bring to ship directly over it.

   {The anchor is atrip}, or {aweigh}, when it is lifted out of
      the ground.

   {The anchor is awash}, when it is hove up to the surface of
      the water.

   {At anchor}, anchored.

   {To back an anchor}, to increase the holding power by laying
      down a small anchor ahead of that by which the ship rides,
      with the cable fastened to the crown of the latter to
      prevent its coming home.

   {To cast anchor}, to drop or let go an anchor to keep a ship
      at rest.

   {To cat the anchor}, to hoist the anchor to the cathead and
      pass the ring-stopper.

   {To fish the anchor}, to hoist the flukes to their resting
      place (called the bill-boards), and pass the shank
      painter.

   {To weigh anchor}, to heave or raise the anchor so as to sail
      away.

Cast \Cast\ (k[.a]st), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cast}; p. pr. & vb.
   n. {Casting}.] [Cf. Dan. kaste, Icel. & Sw. kasta; perh. akin
   to L. {gerere} to bear, carry. E. jest.]
   1. To send or drive by force; to throw; to fling; to hurl; to
      impel.

            Uzziah prepared . . . slings to cast stones. --2
                                                  Chron. xxvi.
                                                  14.

            Cast thy garment about thee, and follow me. --Acts.
                                                  xii. 8.

            We must be cast upon a certain island. --Acts.
                                                  xxvii. 26.

   2. To direct or turn, as the eyes.

            How earnestly he cast his eyes upon me! --Shak.

   3. To drop; to deposit; as, to cast a ballot.

   4. To throw down, as in wrestling. --Shak.

   5. To throw up, as a mound, or rampart.

            Thine enemies shall cast a trench [bank] about thee.
                                                  --Luke xix.
                                                  48.

   6. To throw off; to eject; to shed; to lose.

            His filth within being cast.          --Shak.

            Neither shall your vine cast her fruit. --Mal. iii.
                                                  11

            The creatures that cast the skin are the snake, the
            viper, etc.                           --Bacon.

   7. To bring forth prematurely; to slink.

            Thy she-goats have not cast their young. --Gen. xxi.
                                                  38.

   8. To throw out or emit; to exhale. [Obs.]

            This . . . casts a sulphureous smell. --Woodward.

   9. To cause to fall; to shed; to reflect; to throw; as, to
      cast a ray upon a screen; to cast light upon a subject.

   10. To impose; to bestow; to rest.

             The government I cast upon my brother. --Shak.

             Cast thy burden upon the Lord.       --Ps. iv. 22.

   11. To dismiss; to discard; to cashier. [Obs.]

             The state can not with safety cast him.

   12. To compute; to reckon; to calculate; as, to cast a
       horoscope. ``Let it be cast and paid.'' --Shak.

             You cast the event of war, my noble lord. --Shak.

   13. To contrive; to plan. [Archaic]

             The cloister . . . had, I doubt not, been cast for
             [an orange-house].                   --Sir W.
                                                  Temple.

   14. To defeat in a lawsuit; to decide against; to convict;
       as, to be cast in damages.

             She was cast to be hanged.           --Jeffrey.

             Were the case referred to any competent judge, they
             would inevitably be cast.            --Dr. H. More.

   15. To turn (the balance or scale); to overbalance; hence, to
       make preponderate; to decide; as, a casting voice.

             How much interest casts the balance in cases
             dubious!                             --South.

   16. To form into a particular shape, by pouring liquid metal
       or other material into a mold; to fashion; to found; as,
       to cast bells, stoves, bullets.

   17. (Print.) To stereotype or electrotype.

   18. To fix, distribute, or allot, as the parts of a play
       among actors; also to assign (an actor) for a part.

             Our parts in the other world will be new cast.
                                                  --Addison.

   {To cast anchor} (Naut.) See under {Anchor}.

   {To cast a horoscope}, to calculate it.

   {To cast a} {horse, sheep}, or other animal, to throw with
      the feet upwards, in such a manner as to prevent its
      rising again.

   {To cast a shoe}, to throw off or lose a shoe, said of a
      horse or ox.

   {To cast aside}, to throw or push aside; to neglect; to
      reject as useless or inconvenient.

   {To cast away}.
       (a) To throw away; to lavish; to waste. ``Cast away a
           life'' --Addison.
       (b) To reject; to let perish. ``Cast away his people.''
           --Rom. xi. 1. ``Cast one away.'' --Shak.
       (c) To wreck. ``Cast away and sunk.'' --Shak.

   {To cast by}, to reject; to dismiss or discard; to throw
      away.

   {To cast down}, to throw down; to destroy; to deject or
      depress, as the mind. ``Why art thou cast down. O my
      soul?'' --Ps. xiii. 5.

   {To cast forth}, to throw out, or eject, as from an inclosed
      place; to emit; to send out.

   {To cast in one's lot with}, to share the fortunes of.

   {To cast in one's teeth}, to upbraid or abuse one for; to
      twin.

   {To cast lots}. See under {Lot}.

   {To cast off}.
       (a) To discard or reject; to drive away; to put off; to
           free one's self from.
       (b) (Hunting) To leave behind, as dogs; also, to set
           loose, or free, as dogs. --Crabb.
       (c) (Naut.) To untie, throw off, or let go, as a rope.

   {To cast off copy}, (Print.), to estimate how much printed
      matter a given amount of copy will make, or how large the
      page must be in order that the copy may make a given
      number of pages.

   {To cast one's self} {on or upon} to yield or submit one's
      self unreservedly to, as to the mercy of another.

   {To cast out}, to throw out; to eject, as from a house; to
      cast forth; to expel; to utter.

   {To cast the lead} (Naut.), to sound by dropping the lead to
      the bottom.

   {To cast the water} (Med.), to examine the urine for signs of
      disease. [Obs.].

   {To cast up}.
       (a) To throw up; to raise.
       (b) To compute; to reckon, as the cost.
       (c) To vomit.
       (d) To twit with; to throw in one's teeth.