To
资料来源 : pyDict
到,向,往;趋于,倾向;直至…为止,在…之前;到,达到;对…;给…
资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)
Lead \Lead\ (l[e^]d), n. [OE. led, leed, lead, AS. le['a]d; akin
to D. lood, MHG. l[=o]t, G. loth plummet, sounding lead,
small weight, Sw. & Dan. lod. [root]123]
1. (Chem.) One of the elements, a heavy, pliable, inelastic
metal, having a bright, bluish color, but easily
tarnished. It is both malleable and ductile, though with
little tenacity, and is used for tubes, sheets, bullets,
etc. Its specific gravity is 11.37. It is easily fusible,
forms alloys with other metals, and is an ingredient of
solder and type metal. Atomic weight, 206.4. Symbol Pb (L.
Plumbum). It is chiefly obtained from the mineral galena,
lead sulphide.
2. An article made of lead or an alloy of lead; as:
(a) A plummet or mass of lead, used in sounding at sea.
(b) (Print.) A thin strip of type metal, used to separate
lines of type in printing.
(c) Sheets or plates of lead used as a covering for roofs;
hence, pl., a roof covered with lead sheets or terne
plates.
I would have the tower two stories, and goodly
leads upon the top. --Bacon
3. A small cylinder of black lead or plumbago, used in
pencils.
{Black lead}, graphite or plumbago; -- so called from its
leadlike appearance and streak. [Colloq.]
{Coasting lead}, a sounding lead intermediate in weight
between a hand lead and deep-sea lead.
{Deep-sea lead}, the heaviest of sounding leads, used in
water exceeding a hundred fathoms in depth. --Ham. Nav.
Encyc.
{Hand lead}, a small lead use for sounding in shallow water.
{Krems lead}, {Kremnitz lead} [so called from Krems or
Kremnitz, in Austria], a pure variety of white lead,
formed into tablets, and called also {Krems, or Kremnitz,
white}, and {Vienna white}.
{Lead arming}, tallow put in the hollow of a sounding lead.
See {To arm the lead} (below).
{Lead colic}. See under {Colic}.
{Lead color}, a deep bluish gray color, like tarnished lead.
{Lead glance}. (Min.) Same as {Galena}.
{Lead line}
(a) (Med.) A dark line along the gums produced by a
deposit of metallic lead, due to lead poisoning.
(b) (Naut.) A sounding line.
{Lead mill}, a leaden polishing wheel, used by lapidaries.
{Lead ocher} (Min.), a massive sulphur-yellow oxide of lead.
Same as {Massicot}.
{Lead pencil}, a pencil of which the marking material is
graphite (black lead).
{Lead plant} (Bot.), a low leguminous plant, genus {Amorpha}
({A. canescens}), found in the Northwestern United States,
where its presence is supposed to indicate lead ore.
--Gray.
{Lead tree}.
(a) (Bot.) A West Indian name for the tropical, leguminous
tree, {Leuc[ae]na glauca}; -- probably so called from
the glaucous color of the foliage.
(b) (Chem.) Lead crystallized in arborescent forms from a
solution of some lead salt, as by suspending a strip
of zinc in lead acetate.
{Mock lead}, a miner's term for blende.
{Red lead}, a scarlet, crystalline, granular powder,
consisting of minium when pure, but commonly containing
several of the oxides of lead. It is used as a paint or
cement and also as an ingredient of flint glass.
{Red lead ore} (Min.), crocoite.
{Sugar of lead}, acetate of lead.
{To arm the lead}, to fill the hollow in the bottom of a
sounding lead with tallow in order to discover the nature
of the bottom by the substances adhering. --Ham. Nav.
Encyc.
{To} {cast, or heave}, {the lead}, to cast the sounding lead
for ascertaining the depth of water.
{White lead}, hydrated carbonate of lead, obtained as a
white, amorphous powder, and much used as an ingredient of
white paint.
{Law of Charles} (Physics), the law that the volume of a
given mass of gas increases or decreases, by a definite
fraction of its value for a given rise or fall of
temperature; -- sometimes less correctly styled {Gay
Lussac's law}, or {Dalton's law}.
{Law of nations}. See {International law}, under
{International}.
{Law of nature}.
(a) A broad generalization expressive of the constant
action, or effect, of natural conditions; as, death
is a law of nature; self-defense is a law of nature.
See {Law}, 4.
(b) A term denoting the standard, or system, of morality
deducible from a study of the nature and natural
relations of human beings independent of supernatural
revelation or of municipal and social usages.
{Law of the land}, due process of law; the general law of the
land.
{Laws of honor}. See under {Honor}.
{Laws of motion} (Physics), three laws defined by Sir Isaac
Newton: (1) Every body perseveres in its state of rest or
of moving uniformly in a straight line, except so far as
it is made to change that state by external force. (2)
Change of motion is proportional to the impressed force,
and takes place in the direction in which the force is
impressed. (3) Reaction is always equal and opposite to
action, that is to say, the actions of two bodies upon
each other are always equal and in opposite directions.
{Marine law}, or {Maritime law}, the law of the sea; a branch
of the law merchant relating to the affairs of the sea,
such as seamen, ships, shipping, navigation, and the like.
--Bouvier.
{Mariotte's law}. See {Boyle's law} (above).
{Martial law}.See under {Martial}.
{Military law}, a branch of the general municipal law,
consisting of rules ordained for the government of the
military force of a state in peace and war, and
administered in courts martial. --Kent. Warren's
Blackstone.
{Moral law},the law of duty as regards what is right and
wrong in the sight of God; specifically, the ten
commandments given by Moses. See {Law}, 2.
{Mosaic}, or {Ceremonial}, {law}. (Script.) See {Law}, 3.
{Municipal}, or {Positive}, {law}, a rule prescribed by the
supreme power of a state, declaring some right, enforcing
some duty, or prohibiting some act; -- distinguished from
international and constitutional law. See {Law}, 1.
{Periodic law}. (Chem.) See under {Periodic}.
{Roman law}, the system of principles and laws found in the
codes and treatises of the lawmakers and jurists of
ancient Rome, and incorporated more or less into the laws
of the several European countries and colonies founded by
them. See {Civil law} (above).
{Statute law}, the law as stated in statutes or positive
enactments of the legislative body.
{Sumptuary law}. See under {Sumptuary}.
{To go to law}, to seek a settlement of any matter by
bringing it before the courts of law; to sue or prosecute
some one.
{To} {take, or have}, {the law of}, to bring the law to bear
upon; as, to take the law of one's neighbor. --Addison.
{Wager of law}. See under {Wager}.
Syn: Justice; equity.
Usage: {Law}, {Statute}, {Common law}, {Regulation}, {Edict},
{Decree}. Law is generic, and, when used with
reference to, or in connection with, the other words
here considered, denotes whatever is commanded by one
who has a right to require obedience. A statute is a
particular law drawn out in form, and distinctly
enacted and proclaimed. Common law is a rule of action
founded on long usage and the decisions of courts of
justice. A regulation is a limited and often,
temporary law, intended to secure some particular end
or object. An edict is a command or law issued by a
sovereign, and is peculiar to a despotic government. A
decree is a permanent order either of a court or of
the executive government. See {Justice}.
{To be in the wind}, to be suggested or expected; to be a
matter of suspicion or surmise. [Colloq.]
{To carry the wind} (Man.), to toss the nose as high as the
ears, as a horse.
{To raise the wind}, to procure money. [Colloq.]
{To} {take, or have}, {the wind}, to gain or have the
advantage. --Bacon.
{To take the wind out of one's sails}, to cause one to stop,
or lose way, as when a vessel intercepts the wind of
another. [Colloq.]
{To take wind}, or {To get wind}, to be divulged; to become
public; as, the story got wind, or took wind.
{Wind band} (Mus.), a band of wind instruments; a military
band; the wind instruments of an orchestra.
{Wind chest} (Mus.), a chest or reservoir of wind in an
organ.
{Wind dropsy}. (Med.)
(a) Tympanites.
(b) Emphysema of the subcutaneous areolar tissue.
{Wind egg}, an imperfect, unimpregnated, or addled egg.
{Wind furnace}. See the Note under {Furnace}.
{Wind gauge}. See under {Gauge}.
{Wind gun}. Same as {Air gun}.
{Wind hatch} (Mining), the opening or place where the ore is
taken out of the earth.
{Wind instrument} (Mus.), an instrument of music sounded by
means of wind, especially by means of the breath, as a
flute, a clarinet, etc.
{Wind pump}, a pump moved by a windmill.
{Wind rose}, a table of the points of the compass, giving the
states of the barometer, etc., connected with winds from
the different directions.
{Wind sail}.
(a) (Naut.) A wide tube or funnel of canvas, used to
convey a stream of air for ventilation into the lower
compartments of a vessel.
(b) The sail or vane of a windmill.
{Wind shake}, a crack or incoherence in timber produced by
violent winds while the timber was growing.
{Wind shock}, a wind shake.
{Wind side}, the side next the wind; the windward side. [R.]
--Mrs. Browning.
{Wind rush} (Zo["o]l.), the redwing. [Prov. Eng.]
{Wind wheel}, a motor consisting of a wheel moved by wind.
{Wood wind} (Mus.), the flutes and reed instruments of an
orchestra, collectively.
Scale \Scale\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scaled}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{Scaling}.]
To weigh or measure according to a scale; to measure; also,
to grade or vary according to a scale or system.
Scaling his present bearing with his past. --Shak.
{To} {scale, or scale down}, {a debt, wages, etc.}, to reduce
a debt, etc., according to a fixed ratio or scale. [U.S.]
Nativity \Na*tiv"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Nativies}. [F. nativit['e], L.
nativitas. See {Native}, and cf. {Na["i]vet['E]}.]
1. The coming into life or into the world; birth; also, the
circumstances attending birth, as time, place, manner,
etc. --Chaucer.
I have served him from the hour of my nativity.
--Shak.
Thou hast left . . . the land of thy nativity.
--Ruth ii. 11.
These in their dark nativity the deep Shall yield
us, pregnant with infernal flame. --Milton.
2. (Fine Arts) A picture representing or symbolizing the
early infancy of Christ. The simplest form is the babe in
a rude cradle, and the heads of an ox and an ass to
express the stable in which he was born.
3. (Astrol.) A representation of the positions of the
heavenly bodies as the moment of one's birth, supposed to
indicate his future destinies; a horoscope.
{The Nativity}, the birth or birthday of Christ; Christmas
day.
{To}
{cast, or calculate},
{one's nativity} (Astrol.), to find out and represent the
position of the heavenly bodies at the time of one's
birth.
Nutshell \Nut"shell`\, n.
1. The shell or hard external covering in which the kernel of
a nut is inclosed.
2. Hence, a thing of little compass, or of little value.
3. (Zo["o]l.) A shell of the genus Nucula.
{To} {be, or lie}, {in a nutshell}, to be within a small
compass; to admit of very brief or simple determination or
statement. ``The remedy lay in a nutshell.'' --Macaulay.
Gapeseed \Gape"seed`\, n.
A person who looks or stares gapingly.
{To} {buy, or sow}, {gapeseed}, to stare idly or in idle
wonderment, instead of attending to business.
Pace \Pace\, n. [OE. pas, F. pas, from L. passus a step, pace,
orig., a stretching out of the feet in walking; cf. pandere,
passum, to spread, stretch; perh. akin to E. patent. Cf.
{Pas}, {Pass}.]
1. A single movement from one foot to the other in walking; a
step.
2. The length of a step in walking or marching, reckoned from
the heel of one foot to the heel of the other; -- used as
a unit in measuring distances; as, he advanced fifty
paces. ``The heigh of sixty pace .'' --Chaucer.
Note: Ordinarily the pace is estimated at two and one half
linear feet; but in measuring distances be stepping,
the pace is extended to three feet (one yard) or to
three and three tenths feet (one fifth of a rod). The
regulation marching pace in the English and United
States armies is thirty inches for quick time, and
thirty-six inches for double time. The Roman pace
(passus) was from the heel of one foot to the heel of
the same foot when it next touched the ground, five
Roman feet.
3. Manner of stepping or moving; gait; walk; as, the walk,
trot, canter, gallop, and amble are paces of the horse; a
swaggering pace; a quick pace. --Chaucer.
To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow, Creeps in
this petty pace from day to day. --Shak.
In the military schools of riding a variety of paces
are taught. --Walsh.
4. A slow gait; a footpace. [Obs.] --Chucer.
5. Specifically, a kind of fast amble; a rack.
6. Any single movement, step, or procedure. [R.]
The first pace necessary for his majesty to make is
to fall into confidence with Spain. --Sir W.
Temple.
7. (Arch.) A broad step or platform; any part of a floor
slightly raised above the rest, as around an altar, or at
the upper end of a hall.
8. (Weaving) A device in a loom, to maintain tension on the
warp in pacing the web.
{Geometrical pace}, the space from heel to heel between the
spot where one foot is set down and that where the same
foot is again set down, loosely estimated at five feet, or
by some at four feet and two fifths. See {Roman pace} in
the Note under def. 2. [Obs.]
{To} {keep, or hold}, {pace with}, to keep up with; to go as
fast as. ``In intellect and attainments he kept pace with
his age.'' --Southey.
To \To\ (?, emphatic or alone, ?, obscure or unemphatic), prep.
[AS. t[=o]; akin to OS. & OFries. t[=o], D. toe, G. zu, OHG.
zuo, zua, z[=o], Russ. do, Ir. & Gael. do, OL. -do, -du, as
in endo, indu, in, Gr. ?, as in ? homeward. [root]200. Cf.
{Too}, {Tatoo} a beat of drums.]
1. The preposition to primarily indicates approach and
arrival, motion made in the direction of a place or thing
and attaining it, access; and also, motion or tendency
without arrival; movement toward; -- opposed to {from}.
``To Canterbury they wend.'' --Chaucer.
Stay with us, go not to Wittenberg. --Shak.
So to the sylvan lodge They came, that like Pomona's
arbor smiled. --Milton.
I'll to him again, . . . He'll tell me all his
purpose. She stretched her arms to heaven. --Dryden.
2. Hence, it indicates motion, course, or tendency toward a
time, a state or condition, an aim, or anything capable of
being regarded as a limit to a tendency, movement, or
action; as, he is going to a trade; he is rising to wealth
and honor.
Note: Formerly, by omission of the verb denoting motion, to
sometimes followed a form of be, with the sense of at,
or in. ``When the sun was [gone or declined] to rest.''
--Chaucer.
3. In a very general way, and with innumerable varieties of
application, to connects transitive verbs with their
remoter or indirect object, and adjectives, nouns, and
neuter or passive verbs with a following noun which limits
their action. Its sphere verges upon that of for, but it
contains less the idea of design or appropriation; as,
these remarks were addressed to a large audience; let us
keep this seat to ourselves; a substance sweet to the
taste; an event painful to the mind; duty to God and to
our parents; a dislike to spirituous liquor.
Marks and points out each man of us to slaughter.
--B. Jonson.
Whilst they, distilled Almost to jelly with the act
of fear, Stand dumb and speak not to him. --Shak.
Add to your faith virtue; and to virtue knowledge;
and to knowledge temperance; and to temperance
patience; and to patience godliness; and to
godliness brotherly kindness; and to brotherly
kindness charity. --2 Pet. i.
5,6,7.
I have a king's oath to the contrary. --Shak.
Numbers were crowded to death. --Clarendon.
Fate and the dooming gods are deaf to tears.
--Dryden.
Go, buckle to the law. --Dryden.
4. As sign of the infinitive, to had originally the use of
last defined, governing the infinitive as a verbal noun,
and connecting it as indirect object with a preceding verb
or adjective; thus, ready to go, i.e., ready unto going;
good to eat, i.e., good for eating; I do my utmost to lead
my life pleasantly. But it has come to be the almost
constant prefix to the infinitive, even in situations
where it has no prepositional meaning, as where the
infinitive is direct object or subject; thus, I love to
learn, i.e., I love learning; to die for one's country is
noble, i.e., the dying for one's country. Where the
infinitive denotes the design or purpose, good usage
formerly allowed the prefixing of for to the to; as, what
went ye out for see? (--Matt. xi. 8).
Then longen folk to go on pilgrimages, And palmers
for to seeken strange stranders. --Chaucer.
Note: Such usage is now obsolete or illiterate. In colloquial
usage, to often stands for, and supplies, an infinitive
already mentioned; thus, he commands me to go with him,
but I do not wish to.
5. In many phrases, and in connection with many other words,
to has a pregnant meaning, or is used elliptically. Thus,
it denotes or implies:
(a) Extent; limit; degree of comprehension; inclusion as
far as; as, they met us to the number of three
hundred.
We ready are to try our fortunes To the last
man. --Shak.
Few of the Esquimaux can count to ten. --Quant.
Rev.
(b) Effect; end; consequence; as, the prince was flattered
to his ruin; he engaged in a war to his cost; violent
factions exist to the prejudice of the state.
(c) Apposition; connection; antithesis; opposition; as,
they engaged hand to hand.
Now we see through a glass, darkly; but then
face to face. --1 Cor. xiii.
12.
(d) Accord; adaptation; as, an occupation to his taste;
she has a husband to her mind.
He to God's image, she to his was made.
--Dryden.
(e) Comparison; as, three is to nine as nine is to
twenty-seven; it is ten to one that you will offend
him.
All that they did was piety to this. --B.
Jonson.
(f) Addition; union; accumulation.
Wisdom he has, and to his wisdom, courage.
--Denham.
(g) Accompaniment; as, she sang to his guitar; they danced
to the music of a piano.
Anon they move In perfect phalanx to the Dorian
mood Of flutes and soft recorders. --Milton.
(h) Character; condition of being; purpose subserved or
office filled. [In this sense archaic] ``I have a king
here to my flatterer.'' --Shak.
Made his masters and others . . . to consider
him to a little wonder. --Walton.
Note: To in to-day, to-night, and to-morrow has the sense or
force of for or on; for, or on, (this) day, for, or on,
(this) night, for, or on, (the) morrow. To-day,
to-night, to-morrow may be considered as compounds, and
usually as adverbs; but they are sometimes used as
nouns; as, to-day is ours.
To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow; Creeps
in this petty pace from day to day. --Shak.
{To and again}, to and fro. [R.]
{To and fro}, forward and back. In this phrase, to is
adverbial.
There was great showing both to and fro. --Chaucer.
{To-and-fro}, a pacing backward and forward; as, to commence
a to-and-fro. --Tennyson.
{To the face}, in front of; in behind; hence, in the presence
of.
{To wit}, to know; namely. See {Wit}, v. i.
Note: To, without an object expressed, is used adverbially;
as, put to the door, i. e., put the door to its frame,
close it; and in the nautical expressions, to heave to,
to come to, meaning to a certain position. To, like on,
is sometimes used as a command, forward, set to. ``To,
Achilles! to, Ajax! to!'' --Shak.
Alone \A*lone"\, a. [All + one. OE. al one all allone, AS. [=a]n
one, alone. See {All}, {One}, {Lone}.]
1. Quite by one's self; apart from, or exclusive of, others;
single; solitary; -- applied to a person or thing.
Alone on a wide, wide sea. --Coleridge.
It is not good that the man should be alone. --Gen.
ii. 18.
2. Of or by itself; by themselves; without any thing more or
any one else; without a sharer; only.
Man shall not live by bread alone. --Luke iv. 4.
The citizens alone should be at the expense.
--Franklin.
3. Sole; only; exclusive. [R.]
God, by whose alone power and conversation we all
live, and move, and have our being. --Bentley.
4. Hence; Unique; rare; matchless. --Shak.
Note: The adjective alone commonly follows its noun.
{To} {let or leave} {alone}, to abstain from interfering with
or molesting; to suffer to remain in its present state.
Dust \Dust\, n. [AS. dust; cf. LG. dust, D. duist meal dust, OD.
doest, donst, and G. dunst vapor, OHG. tunist, dunist, a
blowing, wind, Icel. dust dust, Dan. dyst mill dust; perh.
akin to L. fumus smoke, E. fume. ?.]
1. Fine, dry particles of earth or other matter, so
comminuted that they may be raised and wafted by the wind;
that which is crumbled too minute portions; fine powder;
as, clouds of dust; bone dust.
Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.
--Gen. iii.
19.
Stop! -- for thy tread is on an empire's dust.
--Byron.
2. A single particle of earth or other matter. [R.] ``To
touch a dust of England's ground.'' --Shak.
3. The earth, as the resting place of the dead.
For now shall sleep in the dust. --Job vii. 21.
4. The earthy remains of bodies once alive; the remains of
the human body.
And you may carve a shrine about my dust.
--Tennyson.
5. Figuratively, a worthless thing.
And by the merit of vile gold, dross, dust. --Shak.
6. Figuratively, a low or mean condition.
[God] raiseth up the poor out of the dust. --1 Sam.
ii. 8.
7. Gold dust; hence: (Slang) Coined money; cash.
{Down with the dust}, deposit the cash; pay down the money.
[Slang] ``My lord, quoth the king, presently deposit your
hundred pounds in gold, or else no going hence all the
days of your life. . . . The Abbot down with his dust, and
glad he escaped so, returned to Reading.'' --Fuller.
{Dust brand} (Bot.), a fungous plant ({Ustilago Carbo}); --
called also {smut}.
{Gold dust}, fine particles of gold, such as are obtained in
placer mining; -- often used as money, being transferred
by weight.
{In dust and ashes}. See under {Ashes}.
{To bite the dust}. See under {Bite}, v. t.
{To}
{raise, or kick up, dust}, to make a commotion. [Colloq.]
{To throw dust in one's eyes}, to mislead; to deceive.
[Colloq.]
Field \Field\, n. [OE. feld, fild, AS. feld; akin to D. veld, G.
feld, Sw. f["a]lt, Dan. felt, Icel. fold field of grass, AS.
folde earth, land, ground, OS. folda.]
1. Cleared land; land suitable for tillage or pasture;
cultivated ground; the open country.
2. A piece of land of considerable size; esp., a piece
inclosed for tillage or pasture.
Fields which promise corn and wine. --Byron.
3. A place where a battle is fought; also, the battle itself.
In this glorious and well-foughten field. --Shak.
What though the field be lost? --Milton.
4. An open space; an extent; an expanse. Esp.:
(a) Any blank space or ground on which figures are drawn
or projected.
(b) The space covered by an optical instrument at one
view.
Without covering, save yon field of stars.
--Shak.
Ask of yonder argent fields above. --Pope.
5. (Her.) The whole surface of an escutcheon; also, so much
of it is shown unconcealed by the different bearings upon
it. See Illust. of {Fess}, where the field is represented
as gules (red), while the fess is argent (silver).
6. An unresticted or favorable opportunity for action,
operation, or achievement; province; room.
Afforded a clear field for moral experiments.
--Macaulay.
7. A collective term for all the competitors in any outdoor
contest or trial, or for all except the favorites in the
betting.
8. (Baseball) That part of the grounds reserved for the
players which is outside of the diamond; -- called also
{outfield}.
Note: Field is often used adjectively in the sense of
belonging to, or used in, the fields; especially with
reference to the operations and equipments of an army
during a campaign away from permanent camps and
fortifications. In most cases such use of the word is
sufficiently clear; as, field battery; field
fortification; field gun; field hospital, etc. A field
geologist, naturalist, etc., is one who makes
investigations or collections out of doors. A survey
uses a field book for recording field notes, i.e.,
measurment, observations, etc., made in field work
(outdoor operations). A farmer or planter employs field
hands, and may use a field roller or a field derrick.
Field sports are hunting, fishing, athletic games, etc.
{Coal field} (Geol.) See under {Coal}.
{Field artillery}, light ordnance mounted on wheels, for the
use of a marching army.
{Field basil} (Bot.), a plant of the Mint family ({Calamintha
Acinos}); -- called also {basil thyme}.
{Field colors} (Mil.), small flags for marking out the
positions for squadrons and battalions; camp colors.
{Field cricket} (Zo["o]l.), a large European cricket
({Gryllus campestric}), remarkable for its loud notes.
{Field day}.
(a) A day in the fields.
(b) (Mil.) A day when troops are taken into the field for
instruction in evolutions. --Farrow.
(c) A day of unusual exertion or display; a gala day.
{Field driver}, in New England, an officer charged with the
driving of stray cattle to the pound.
{Field duck} (Zo["o]l.), the little bustard ({Otis tetrax}),
found in Southern Europe.
{Field glass}. (Optics)
(a) A binocular telescope of compact form; a lorgnette; a
race glass.
(b) A small achromatic telescope, from 20 to 24 inches
long, and having 3 to 6 draws.
(c) See {Field lens}.
{Field lark}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) The skylark.
(b) The tree pipit.
{Field lens} (Optics), that one of the two lenses forming the
eyepiece of an astronomical telescope or compound
microscope which is nearer the object glass; -- called
also {field glass}.
{Field madder} (Bot.), a plant ({Sherardia arvensis}) used in
dyeing.
{Field marshal} (Mil.), the highest military rank conferred
in the British and other European armies.
{Field mouse} (Zo["o]l.), a mouse inhabiting fields, as the
campagnol and the deer mouse. See {Campagnol}, and {Deer
mouse}.
{Field officer} (Mil.), an officer above the rank of captain
and below that of general.
{Field officer's court} (U.S.Army), a court-martial
consisting of one field officer empowered to try all
cases, in time of war, subject to jurisdiction of garrison
and regimental courts. --Farrow.
{Field plover} (Zo["o]l.), the black-bellied plover
({Charadrius squatarola}); also sometimes applied to the
Bartramian sandpiper ({Bartramia longicauda}).
{Field spaniel} (Zo["o]l.), a small spaniel used in hunting
small game.
{Field sparrow}. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A small American sparrow ({Spizella pusilla}).
(b) The hedge sparrow. [Eng.]
{Field staff}> (Mil.), a staff formerly used by gunners to
hold a lighted match for discharging a gun.
{Field vole} (Zo["o]l.), the European meadow mouse.
{Field of ice}, a large body of floating ice; a pack.
{Field}, or {Field of view}, in a telescope or microscope,
the entire space within which objects are seen.
{Field magnet}. see under {Magnet}.
{Magnetic field}. See {Magnetic}.
{To back the field}, or {To bet on the field}. See under
{Back}, v. t. -- {To keep the field}.
(a) (Mil.) To continue a campaign.
(b) To maintain one's ground against all comers.
{To} {lay, or back}, {against the field}, to bet on (a horse,
etc.) against all comers.
{To take the field} (Mil.), to enter upon a campaign.
Flag \Flag\, n. [Cf. LG. & G. flagge, Sw. flagg, Dan. flag, D.
vlag. See {Flag} to hang loose.]
1. That which flags or hangs down loosely.
2. A cloth usually bearing a device or devices and used to
indicate nationality, party, etc., or to give or ask
information; -- commonly attached to a staff to be waved
by the wind; a standard; a banner; an ensign; the colors;
as, the national flag; a military or a naval flag.
3. (Zo["o]l.)
(a) A group of feathers on the lower part of the legs of
certain hawks, owls, etc.
(b) A group of elongated wing feathers in certain hawks.
(c) The bushy tail of a dog, as of a setter.
{Black flag}. See under {Black}.
{Flag captain}, {Flag leutenant}, etc., special officers
attached to the flagship, as aids to the flag officer.
{Flag officer}, the commander of a fleet or squadron; an
admiral, or commodore.
{Flag of truse}, a white flag carried or displayed to an
enemy, as an invitation to conference, or for the purpose
of making some communication not hostile.
{Flag share}, the flag officer's share of prize money.
{Flag station} (Railroad), a station at which trains do not
stop unless signaled to do so, by a flag hung out or
waved.
{National flag}, a flag of a particular country, on which
some national emblem or device, is emblazoned.
{Red flag}, a flag of a red color, displayed as a signal of
danger or token of defiance; the emblem of anarchists.
{To dip, the flag}, to mlower it and quickly restore it to
its place; -- done as a mark of respect.
{To hang out the white flag}, to ask truce or quarter, or, in
some cases, to manifest a friendly design by exhibiting a
white flag.
{To hang the flag} {half-mast high or half-staff}, to raise
it only half way to the mast or staff, as a token or sign
of mourning.
{To} {strike, or lower}, {the flag}, to haul it down, in
token of respect, submission, or, in an engagement, of
surrender.
{Yellow flag}, the quarantine flag of all nations; also
carried at a vessel's fore, to denote that an infectious
disease is on board.
Foot \Foot\ (f[oo^]t), n.; pl. {Feet} (f[=e]t). [OE. fot, foot,
pl. fet, feet. AS. f[=o]t, pl. f[=e]t; akin to D. voet, OHG.
fuoz, G. fuss, Icel. f[=o]tr, Sw. fot, Dan. fod, Goth.
f[=o]tus, L. pes, Gr. poy`s, Skr. p[=a]d, Icel. fet step,
pace measure of a foot, feta to step, find one's way.
[root]77, 250. Cf. {Antipodes}, {Cap-a-pie}, {Expedient},
{Fet} to fetch, {Fetlock}, {Fetter}, {Pawn} a piece in chess,
{Pedal}.]
1. (Anat.) The terminal part of the leg of man or an animal;
esp., the part below the ankle or wrist; that part of an
animal upon which it rests when standing, or moves. See
{Manus}, and {Pes}.
2. (Zo["o]l.) The muscular locomotive organ of a mollusk. It
is a median organ arising from the ventral region of body,
often in the form of a flat disk, as in snails. See
Illust. of {Buccinum}.
3. That which corresponds to the foot of a man or animal; as,
the foot of a table; the foot of a stocking.
4. The lowest part or base; the ground part; the bottom, as
of a mountain or column; also, the last of a row or
series; the end or extremity, esp. if associated with
inferiority; as, the foot of a hill; the foot of the
procession; the foot of a class; the foot of the bed.
And now at foot Of heaven's ascent they lift their
feet. --Milton.
5. Fundamental principle; basis; plan; -- used only in the
singular.
Answer directly upon the foot of dry reason.
--Berkeley.
6. Recognized condition; rank; footing; -- used only in the
singular. [R.]
As to his being on the foot of a servant. --Walpole.
7. A measure of length equivalent to twelve inches; one third
of a yard. See {Yard}.
Note: This measure is supposed to be taken from the length of
a man's foot. It differs in length in different
countries. In the United States and in England it is
304.8 millimeters.
8. (Mil.) Soldiers who march and fight on foot; the infantry,
usually designated as the foot, in distinction from the
cavalry. ``Both horse and foot.'' --Milton.
9. (Pros.) A combination of syllables consisting a metrical
element of a verse, the syllables being formerly
distinguished by their quantity or length, but in modern
poetry by the accent.
10. (Naut.) The lower edge of a sail.
Note: Foot is often used adjectively, signifying of or
pertaining to a foot or the feet, or to the base or
lower part. It is also much used as the first of
compounds.
{Foot artillery}. (Mil.)
(a) Artillery soldiers serving in foot.
(b) Heavy artillery. --Farrow.
{Foot bank} (Fort.), a raised way within a parapet.
{Foot barracks} (Mil.), barracks for infantery.
{Foot bellows}, a bellows worked by a treadle. --Knight.
{Foot company} (Mil.), a company of infantry. --Milton.
{Foot gear}, covering for the feet, as stocking, shoes, or
boots.
{Foot hammer} (Mach.), a small tilt hammer moved by a
treadle.
{Foot iron}.
(a) The step of a carriage.
(b) A fetter.
{Foot jaw}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Maxilliped}.
{Foot key} (Mus.), an organ pedal.
{Foot level} (Gunnery), a form of level used in giving any
proposed angle of elevation to a piece of ordnance.
--Farrow.
{Foot mantle}, a long garment to protect the dress in riding;
a riding skirt. [Obs.]
{Foot page}, an errand boy; an attendant. [Obs.]
{Foot passenger}, one who passes on foot, as over a road or
bridge.
{Foot pavement}, a paved way for foot passengers; a footway;
a trottoir.
{Foot poet}, an inferior poet; a poetaster. [R.] --Dryden.
{Foot post}.
(a) A letter carrier who travels on foot.
(b) A mail delivery by means of such carriers.
{Fot pound}, & {Foot poundal}. (Mech.) See {Foot pound} and
{Foot poundal}, in the Vocabulary.
{Foot press} (Mach.), a cutting, embossing, or printing
press, moved by a treadle.
{Foot race}, a race run by persons on foot. --Cowper.
{Foot rail}, a railroad rail, with a wide flat flange on the
lower side.
{Foot rot}, an ulcer in the feet of sheep; claw sickness.
{Foot rule}, a rule or measure twelve inches long.
{Foot screw}, an adjusting screw which forms a foot, and
serves to give a machine or table a level standing on an
uneven place.
{Foot secretion}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Sclerobase}.
{Foot soldier}, a soldier who serves on foot.
{Foot stick} (Printing), a beveled piece of furniture placed
against the foot of the page, to hold the type in place.
{Foot stove}, a small box, with an iron pan, to hold hot
coals for warming the feet.
{Foot tubercle}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Parapodium}.
{Foot valve} (Steam Engine), the valve that opens to the air
pump from the condenser.
{Foot vise}, a kind of vise the jaws of which are operated by
a treadle.
{Foot waling} (Naut.), the inside planks or lining of a
vessel over the floor timbers. --Totten.
{Foot wall} (Mining), the under wall of an inclosed vein.
{By foot}, or {On foot}, by walking; as, to pass a stream on
foot.
{Cubic foot}. See under {Cubic}.
{Foot and mouth disease}, a contagious disease (Eczema
epizo["o]tica) of cattle, sheep, swine, etc.,
characterized by the formation of vesicles and ulcers in
the mouth and about the hoofs.
{Foot of the fine} (Law), the concluding portion of an
acknowledgment in court by which, formerly, the title of
land was conveyed. See {Fine of land}, under {Fine}, n.;
also {Chirograph}. (b).
{Square foot}. See under {Square}.
{To be on foot}, to be in motion, action, or process of
execution.
{To keep the foot} (Script.), to preserve decorum. ``Keep thy
foot when thou goest to the house of God.'' --Eccl. v. 1.
{To put one's foot down}, to take a resolute stand; to be
determined. [Colloq.]
{To put the best foot foremost}, to make a good appearance;
to do one's best. [Colloq.]
{To set on foot}, to put in motion; to originate; as, to set
on foot a subscription.
{To} {put, or set}, {one on his feet}, to put one in a
position to go on; to assist to start.
{Under foot}.
(a) Under the feet; (Fig.) at one's mercy; as, to trample
under foot. --Gibbon.
(b) Below par. [Obs.] ``They would be forced to sell . .
. far under foot.'' --Bacon.
Cart \Cart\, n. [AS. cr[ae]t; cf. W. cart, Ir. & Gael. cairt, or
Icel. kartr. Cf. {Car}.]
1. A common name for various kinds of vehicles, as a Scythian
dwelling on wheels, or a chariot. ``Ph[oe]bus' cart.''
--Shak.
2. A two-wheeled vehicle for the ordinary purposes of
husbandry, or for transporting bulky and heavy articles.
Packing all his goods in one poor cart. --Dryden.
3. A light business wagon used by bakers, grocerymen,
butchers, etc.
4. An open two-wheeled pleasure carriage.
{Cart horse}, a horse which draws a cart; a horse bred or
used for drawing heavy loads.
{Cart load}, or {Cartload}, as much as will fill or load a
cart. In excavating and carting sand, gravel, earth, etc.,
one third of a cubic yard of the material before it is
loosened is estimated to be a cart load.
{Cart rope}, a stout rope for fastening a load on a cart; any
strong rope.
{To} {put (or get or set)} {the cart before the horse}, to
invert the order of related facts or ideas, as by putting
an effect for a cause.
{Foul anchor}. (Naut.) See under {Anchor}.
{Foul ball} (Baseball), a ball that first strikes the ground
outside of the foul ball lines, or rolls outside of
certain limits.
{Foul ball lines} (Baseball), lines from the home base,
through the first and third bases, to the boundary of the
field.
{Foul berth} (Naut.), a berth in which a ship is in danger of
fouling another vesel.
{Foul bill}, or {Foul bill of health}, a certificate, duly
authenticated, that a ship has come from a place where a
contagious disorder prevails, or that some of the crew are
infected.
{Foul copy}, a rough draught, with erasures and corrections;
-- opposed to fair or clean copy. ``Some writers boast of
negligence, and others would be ashamed to show their foul
copies.'' --Cowper.
{Foul proof}, an uncorrected proof; a proof containing an
excessive quantity of errors.
{Foul strike} (Baseball), a strike by the batsman when any
part of his person is outside of the lines of his
position.
{To fall foul}, to fall out; to quarrel. [Obs.] ``If they be
any ways offended, they fall foul.'' --Burton.
{To} {fall, or run}, {foul of}. See under {Fall}.
{To make foul water}, to sail in such shallow water that the
ship's keel stirs the mud at the bottom.
Chide \Chide\ (ch[imac]d), v. t. [imp. {Chid} (ch[i^]d), or
{Chode} (ch[imac]d Obs.); p. p. {Chidden}, {Chid}; p. pr. &
vb. n. {Chiding}.] [AS. c[=i]dan; of unknown origin.]
1. To rebuke; to reprove; to scold; to find fault with.
Upbraided, chid, and rated at. --Shak.
2. Fig.: To be noisy about; to chafe against.
The sea that chides the banks of England. --Shak.
{To} {chide hither, chide from, or chide away}, to cause to
come, or to drive away, by scolding or reproof.
Syn: To blame; rebuke; reprove; scold; censure; reproach;
reprehend; reprimand.
Ghost \Ghost\, n. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. g[=a]st
breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g?st spirit, soul, D.
geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
1. The spirit; the soul of man. [Obs.]
Then gives her grieved ghost thus to lament.
--Spenser.
2. The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a deceased
person; a spirit appearing after death; an apparition; a
specter.
The mighty ghosts of our great Harrys rose. --Shak.
I thought that I had died in sleep, And was a
blessed ghost. --Coleridge.
3. Any faint shadowy semblance; an unsubstantial image; a
phantom; a glimmering; as, not a ghost of a chance; the
ghost of an idea.
Each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the
floor. --Poe.
4. A false image formed in a telescope by reflection from the
surfaces of one or more lenses.
{Ghost moth} (Zo["o]l.), a large European moth {(Hepialus
humuli)}; so called from the white color of the male, and
the peculiar hovering flight; -- called also {great
swift}.
{Holy Ghost}, the Holy Spirit; the Paraclete; the Comforter;
(Theol.) the third person in the Trinity.
{To} {give up or yield up} {the ghost}, to die; to expire.
And he gave up the ghost full softly. --Chaucer.
Jacob . . . yielded up the ghost, and was gathered
unto his people. --Gen. xlix.
33.
Grindstone \Grind"stone`\, n.
A flat, circular stone, revolving on an axle, for grinding or
sharpening tools, or shaping or smoothing objects.
{To} {hold, pat, or bring} {one's nose to the grindstone}, to
oppress one; to keep one in a condition of servitude.
They might be ashamed, for lack of courage, to
suffer the Laced[ae]monians to hold their noses to
the grindstone. --Sir T.
North.
Hand \Hand\, n. [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand,
OHG. hant, Dan. haand, Icel. h["o]nd, Goth. handus, and perh.
to Goth. hinpan to seize (in comp.). Cf. {Hunt}.]
1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in
man and monkeys, and the corresponding part in many other
animals; manus; paw. See {Manus}.
2. That which resembles, or to some extent performs the
office of, a human hand; as:
(a) A limb of certain animals, as the foot of a hawk, or
any one of the four extremities of a monkey.
(b) An index or pointer on a dial; as, the hour or minute
hand of a clock.
3. A measure equal to a hand's breadth, -- four inches; a
palm. Chiefly used in measuring the height of horses.
4. Side; part; direction, either right or left.
On this hand and that hand, were hangings. --Ex.
xxxviii. 15.
The Protestants were then on the winning hand.
--Milton.
5. Power of performance; means of execution; ability; skill;
dexterity.
He had a great mind to try his hand at a Spectator.
--Addison.
6. Actual performance; deed; act; workmanship; agency; hence,
manner of performance.
To change the hand in carrying on the war.
--Clarendon.
Gideon said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by my
hand. --Judges vi.
36.
7. An agent; a servant, or laborer; a workman, trained or
competent for special service or duty; a performer more or
less skillful; as, a deck hand; a farm hand; an old hand
at speaking.
A dictionary containing a natural history requires
too many hands, as well as too much time, ever to be
hoped for. --Locke.
I was always reckoned a lively hand at a simile.
--Hazlitt.
8. Handwriting; style of penmanship; as, a good, bad or
running hand. Hence, a signature.
I say she never did invent this letter; This is a
man's invention and his hand. --Shak.
Some writs require a judge's hand. --Burril.
9. Personal possession; ownership; hence, control; direction;
management; -- usually in the plural. ``Receiving in hand
one year's tribute.'' --Knolles.
Albinus . . . found means to keep in his hands the
goverment of Britain. --Milton.
10. Agency in transmission from one person to another; as, to
buy at first hand, that is, from the producer, or when
new; at second hand, that is, when no longer in the
producer's hand, or when not new.
11. Rate; price. [Obs.] ``Business is bought at a dear hand,
where there is small dispatch.'' --Bacon.
12. That which is, or may be, held in a hand at once; as:
(a) (Card Playing) The quota of cards received from the
dealer.
(b) (Tobacco Manuf.) A bundle of tobacco leaves tied
together.
13. (Firearms) The small part of a gunstock near the lock,
which is grasped by the hand in taking aim.
Note: Hand is used figuratively for a large variety of acts
or things, in the doing, or making, or use of which the
hand is in some way employed or concerned; also, as a
symbol to denote various qualities or conditions, as:
(a) Activity; operation; work; -- in distinction from the
head, which implies thought, and the heart, which
implies affection. ``His hand will be against every
man.'' --Gen. xvi. 12.
(b) Power; might; supremacy; -- often in the Scriptures.
``With a mighty hand . . . will I rule over you.''
--Ezek. xx. 33.
(c) Fraternal feeling; as, to give, or take, the hand; to
give the right hand.
(d) Contract; -- commonly of marriage; as, to ask the
hand; to pledge the hand.
Note: Hand is often used adjectively or in compounds (with or
without the hyphen), signifying performed by the hand;
as, hand blow or hand-blow, hand gripe or hand-gripe:
used by, or designed for, the hand; as, hand ball or
handball, hand bow, hand fetter, hand grenade or
hand-grenade, handgun or hand gun, handloom or hand
loom, handmill or hand organ or handorgan, handsaw or
hand saw, hand-weapon: measured or regulated by the
hand; as, handbreadth or hand's breadth, hand gallop or
hand-gallop. Most of the words in the following
paragraph are written either as two words or in
combination.
{Hand bag}, a satchel; a small bag for carrying books,
papers, parcels, etc.
{Hand basket}, a small or portable basket.
{Hand bell}, a small bell rung by the hand; a table bell.
--Bacon.
{Hand bill}, a small pruning hook. See 4th {Bill}.
{Hand car}. See under {Car}.
{Hand director} (Mus.), an instrument to aid in forming a
good position of the hands and arms when playing on the
piano; a hand guide.
{Hand drop}. See {Wrist drop}.
{Hand gallop}. See under {Gallop}.
{Hand gear} (Mach.), apparatus by means of which a machine,
or parts of a machine, usually operated by other power,
may be operated by hand.
{Hand glass}.
(a) A glass or small glazed frame, for the protection of
plants.
(b) A small mirror with a handle.
{Hand guide}. Same as {Hand director} (above).
{Hand language}, the art of conversing by the hands, esp. as
practiced by the deaf and dumb; dactylology.
{Hand lathe}. See under {Lathe}.
{Hand money}, money paid in hand to bind a contract; earnest
money.
{Hand organ} (Mus.), a barrel organ, operated by a crank
turned by hand.
{Hand plant}. (Bot.) Same as {Hand tree} (below). -- {Hand
rail}, a rail, as in staircases, to hold by. --Gwilt.
{Hand sail}, a sail managed by the hand. --Sir W. Temple.
{Hand screen}, a small screen to be held in the hand.
{Hand screw}, a small jack for raising heavy timbers or
weights; (Carp.) a screw clamp.
{Hand staff} (pl. {Hand staves}), a javelin. --Ezek. xxxix.
9.
{Hand stamp}, a small stamp for dating, addressing, or
canceling papers, envelopes, etc.
{Hand tree} (Bot.), a lofty tree found in Mexico
({Cheirostemon platanoides}), having red flowers whose
stamens unite in the form of a hand.
{Hand vise}, a small vise held in the hand in doing small
work. --Moxon.
{Hand work}, or {Handwork}, work done with the hands, as
distinguished from work done by a machine; handiwork.
{All hands}, everybody; all parties.
{At all hands}, {On all hands}, on all sides; from every
direction; generally.
{At any hand}, {At no hand}, in any (or no) way or direction;
on any account; on no account. ``And therefore at no hand
consisting with the safety and interests of humility.''
--Jer. Taylor.
{At first hand}, {At second hand}. See def. 10 (above).
{At hand}.
(a) Near in time or place; either present and within
reach, or not far distant. ``Your husband is at hand;
I hear his trumpet.'' --Shak.
(b) Under the hand or bridle. [Obs.] ``Horses hot at
hand.'' --Shak.
{At the hand of}, by the act of; as a gift from. ``Shall we
receive good at the hand of God and shall we not receive
evil?'' --Job ii. 10.
{Bridle hand}. See under {Bridle}.
{By hand}, with the hands, in distinction from
instrumentality of tools, engines, or animals; as, to weed
a garden by hand; to lift, draw, or carry by hand.
{Clean hands}, freedom from guilt, esp. from the guilt of
dishonesty in money matters, or of bribe taking. ``He that
hath clean hands shall be stronger and stronger.'' --Job
xvii. 9.
{From hand to hand}, from one person to another.
{Hand in hand}.
(a) In union; conjointly; unitedly. --Swift.
(b) Just; fair; equitable.
As fair and as good, a kind of hand in hand
comparison. --Shak.
{Hand over hand}, {Hand over fist}, by passing the hands
alternately one before or above another; as, to climb hand
over hand; also, rapidly; as, to come up with a chase hand
over hand.
{Hand over head}, negligently; rashly; without seeing what
one does. [Obs.] --Bacon.
{Hand running}, consecutively; as, he won ten times hand
running.
{Hand off!} keep off! forbear! no interference or meddling!
{Hand to hand}, in close union; in close fight; as, a hand to
hand contest. --Dryden.
{Heavy hand}, severity or oppression.
{In hand}.
(a) Paid down. ``A considerable reward in hand, and . . .
a far greater reward hereafter.'' --Tillotson.
(b) In preparation; taking place. --Chaucer. ``Revels . .
. in hand.'' --Shak.
(c) Under consideration, or in the course of transaction;
as, he has the business in hand.
{In one's hand} or {hands}.
(a) In one's possession or keeping.
(b) At one's risk, or peril; as, I took my life in my
hand.
{Laying on of hands}, a form used in consecrating to office,
in the rite of confirmation, and in blessing persons.
{Light hand}, gentleness; moderation.
{Note of hand}, a promissory note.
{Off hand}, {Out of hand}, forthwith; without delay,
hesitation, or difficulty; promptly. ``She causeth them to
be hanged up out of hand.'' --Spenser.
{Off one's hands}, out of one's possession or care.
{On hand}, in present possession; as, he has a supply of
goods on hand.
{On one's hands}, in one's possession care, or management.
{Putting the hand under the thigh}, an ancient Jewish
ceremony used in swearing.
{Right hand}, the place of honor, power, and strength.
{Slack hand}, idleness; carelessness; inefficiency; sloth.
{Strict hand}, severe discipline; rigorous government.
{To bear a hand}
(Naut), to give help quickly; to hasten.
{To bear in hand}, to keep in expectation with false
pretenses. [Obs.] --Shak.
{To be} {hand and glove, or in glove} {with}. See under
{Glove}.
{To be on the mending hand}, to be convalescent or improving.
{To bring up by hand}, to feed (an infant) without suckling
it.
{To change hand}. See {Change}.
{To change hands}, to change sides, or change owners.
--Hudibras.
{To clap the hands}, to express joy or applause, as by
striking the palms of the hands together.
{To come to hand}, to be received; to be taken into
possession; as, the letter came to hand yesterday.
{To get hand}, to gain influence. [Obs.]
Appetites have . . . got such a hand over them.
--Baxter.
{To got one's hand in}, to make a beginning in a certain
work; to become accustomed to a particular business.
{To have a hand in}, to be concerned in; to have a part or
concern in doing; to have an agency or be employed in.
{To have in hand}.
(a) To have in one's power or control. --Chaucer.
(b) To be engaged upon or occupied with.
{To have one's hands full}, to have in hand al that one can
do, or more than can be done conveniently; to be pressed
with labor or engagements; to be surrounded with
difficulties.
{To} {have, or get}, {the (higher) upper hand}, to have, or
get, the better of another person or thing.
{To his hand}, {To my hand}, etc., in readiness; already
prepared. ``The work is made to his hands.'' --Locke.
{To hold hand}, to compete successfully or on even
conditions. [Obs.] --Shak.
{To lay hands on}, to seize; to assault.
{To lend a hand}, to give assistance.
{To} {lift, or put forth}, {the hand against}, to attack; to
oppose; to kill.
{To live from hand to mouth}, to obtain food and other
necessaries as want compels, without previous provision.
{To make one's hand}, to gain advantage or profit.
{To put the hand unto}, to steal. --Ex. xxii. 8.
{To put the}
{last, or finishing},
{hand to}, to make the last corrections in; to complete; to
perfect.
{To set the hand to}, to engage in; to undertake.
That the Lord thy God may bless thee in all that
thou settest thine hand to. --Deut. xxiii.
20.
{To stand one in hand}, to concern or affect one.
{To strike hands}, to make a contract, or to become surety
for another's debt or good behavior.
{To take in hand}.
(a) To attempt or undertake.
(b) To seize and deal with; as, he took him in hand.
{To wash the hands of}, to disclaim or renounce interest in,
or responsibility for, a person or action; as, to wash
one's hands of a business. --Matt. xxvii. 24.
{Under the hand of}, authenticated by the handwriting or
signature of; as, the deed is executed under the hand and
seal of the owner.
Hand \Hand\, n. [AS. hand, hond; akin to D., G., & Sw. hand,
OHG. hant, Dan. haand, Icel. h["o]nd, Goth. handus, and perh.
to Goth. hinpan to seize (in comp.). Cf. {Hunt}.]
1. That part of the fore limb below the forearm or wrist in
man and monkeys, and the corresponding part in many other
animals; manus; paw. See {Manus}.
2. That which resembles, or to some extent performs the
office of, a human hand; as:
(a) A limb of certain animals, as the foot of a hawk, or
any one of the four extremities of a monkey.
(b) An index or pointer on a dial; as, the hour or minute
hand of a clock.
3. A measure equal to a hand's breadth, -- four inches; a
palm. Chiefly used in measuring the height of horses.
4. Side; part; direction, either right or left.
On this hand and that hand, were hangings. --Ex.
xxxviii. 15.
The Protestants were then on the winning hand.
--Milton.
5. Power of performance; means of execution; ability; skill;
dexterity.
He had a great mind to try his hand at a Spectator.
--Addison.
6. Actual performance; deed; act; workmanship; agency; hence,
manner of performance.
To change the hand in carrying on the war.
--Clarendon.
Gideon said unto God, If thou wilt save Israel by my
hand. --Judges vi.
36.
7. An agent; a servant, or laborer; a workman, trained or
competent for special service or duty; a performer more or
less skillful; as, a deck hand; a farm hand; an old hand
at speaking.
A dictionary containing a natural history requires
too many hands, as well as too much time, ever to be
hoped for. --Locke.
I was always reckoned a lively hand at a simile.
--Hazlitt.
8. Handwriting; style of penmanship; as, a good, bad or
running hand. Hence, a signature.
I say she never did invent this letter; This is a
man's invention and his hand. --Shak.
Some writs require a judge's hand. --Burril.
9. Personal possession; ownership; hence, control; direction;
management; -- usually in the plural. ``Receiving in hand
one year's tribute.'' --Knolles.
Albinus . . . found means to keep in his hands the
goverment of Britain. --Milton.
10. Agency in transmission from one person to another; as, to
buy at first hand, that is, from the producer, or when
new; at second hand, that is, when no longer in the
producer's hand, or when not new.
11. Rate; price. [Obs.] ``Business is bought at a dear hand,
where there is small dispatch.'' --Bacon.
12. That which is, or may be, held in a hand at once; as:
(a) (Card Playing) The quota of cards received from the
dealer.
(b) (Tobacco Manuf.) A bundle of tobacco leaves tied
together.
13. (Firearms) The small part of a gunstock near the lock,
which is grasped by the hand in taking aim.
Note: Hand is used figuratively for a large variety of acts
or things, in the doing, or making, or use of which the
hand is in some way employed or concerned; also, as a
symbol to denote various qualities or conditions, as:
(a) Activity; operation; work; -- in distinction from the
head, which implies thought, and the heart, which
implies affection. ``His hand will be against every
man.'' --Gen. xvi. 12.
(b) Power; might; supremacy; -- often in the Scriptures.
``With a mighty hand . . . will I rule over you.''
--Ezek. xx. 33.
(c) Fraternal feeling; as, to give, or take, the hand; to
give the right hand.
(d) Contract; -- commonly of marriage; as, to ask the
hand; to pledge the hand.
Note: Hand is often used adjectively or in compounds (with or
without the hyphen), signifying performed by the hand;
as, hand blow or hand-blow, hand gripe or hand-gripe:
used by, or designed for, the hand; as, hand ball or
handball, hand bow, hand fetter, hand grenade or
hand-grenade, handgun or hand gun, handloom or hand
loom, handmill or hand organ or handorgan, handsaw or
hand saw, hand-weapon: measured or regulated by the
hand; as, handbreadth or hand's breadth, hand gallop or
hand-gallop. Most of the words in the following
paragraph are written either as two words or in
combination.
{Hand bag}, a satchel; a small bag for carrying books,
papers, parcels, etc.
{Hand basket}, a small or portable basket.
{Hand bell}, a small bell rung by the hand; a table bell.
--Bacon.
{Hand bill}, a small pruning hook. See 4th {Bill}.
{Hand car}. See under {Car}.
{Hand director} (Mus.), an instrument to aid in forming a
good position of the hands and arms when playing on the
piano; a hand guide.
{Hand drop}. See {Wrist drop}.
{Hand gallop}. See under {Gallop}.
{Hand gear} (Mach.), apparatus by means of which a machine,
or parts of a machine, usually operated by other power,
may be operated by hand.
{Hand glass}.
(a) A glass or small glazed frame, for the protection of
plants.
(b) A small mirror with
资料来源 : Free On-Line Dictionary of Computing
to
The {country code} for Tonga.
Heavily used for {vanity domains} because it looks like the
English word "to".
(1999-01-27)
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