资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Standard \Stand"ard\, n. [OF. estendart, F. ['e]tendard,
   probably fr. L. extendere to spread out, extend, but
   influenced by E. stand. See {Extend}.]
   1. A flag; colors; a banner; especially, a national or other
      ensign.

            His armies, in the following day, On those fair
            plains their standards proud display. --Fairfax.

   2. That which is established by authority as a rule for the
      measure of quantity, extent, value, or quality; esp., the
      original specimen weight or measure sanctioned by
      government, as the standard pound, gallon, or yard.

   3. That which is established as a rule or model by authority,
      custom, or general consent; criterion; test.

            The court, which used to be the standard of property
            and correctness of speech.            --Swift.

            A disposition to preserve, and an ability to
            improve, taken together, would be my standard of a
            statesman.                            --Burke.

   4. (Coinage) The proportion of weights of fine metal and
      alloy established by authority.

            By the present standard of the coinage, sixty-two
            shillings is coined out of one pound weight of
            silver.                               --Arbuthnot.

   5. (Hort.) A tree of natural size supported by its own stem,
      and not dwarfed by grafting on the stock of a smaller
      species nor trained upon a wall or trellis.

            In France part of their gardens is laid out for
            flowers, others for fruits; some standards, some
            against walls.                        --Sir W.
                                                  Temple.

   6. (Bot.) The upper petal or banner of a papilionaceous
      corolla.

   7. (Mech. & Carp.) An upright support, as one of the poles of
      a scaffold; any upright in framing.

   8. (Shipbuilding) An inverted knee timber placed upon the
      deck instead of beneath it, with its vertical branch
      turned upward from that which lies horizontally.

   9. The sheth of a plow.

   10. A large drinking cup. --Greene.

   {Standard bearer}, an officer of an army, company, or troop,
      who bears a standard; -- commonly called color sergeantor
      color bearer; hence, the leader of any organization; as,
      the standard bearer of a political party.