资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Primary \Pri"ma*ry\, a. [L. primarius, fr. primus first: cf. F.
   primaire. See {Prime}, a., and cf. {Premier}, {Primero}.]
   1. First in order of time or development or in intention;
      primitive; fundamental; original.

            The church of Christ, in its primary institution.
                                                  --Bp. Pearson.

            These I call original, or primary, qualities of
            body.                                 --Locke.

   2. First in order, as being preparatory to something higher;
      as, primary assemblies; primary schools.

   3. First in dignity or importance; chief; principal; as,
      primary planets; a matter of primary importance.

   4. (Geol.) Earliest formed; fundamental.

   5. (Chem.) Illustrating, possessing, or characterized by,
      some quality or property in the first degree; having
      undergone the first stage of substitution or replacement.

   {Primary alcohol} (Organic Chem.), any alcohol which possess
      the group {CH2.OH}, and can be oxidized so as to form a
      corresponding aldehyde and acid having the same number of
      carbon atoms; -- distinguished from {secondary & tertiary
      alcohols}.

   {Primary amine} (Chem.), an amine containing the amido group,
      or a derivative of ammonia in which only one atom of
      hydrogen has been replaced by a basic radical; --
      distinguished from {secondary & tertiary amines}.

   {Primary amputation} (Surg.), an amputation for injury
      performed as soon as the shock due to the injury has
      passed away, and before symptoms of inflammation
      supervene.

   {Primary axis} (Bot.), the main stalk which bears a whole
      cluster of flowers.

   {Primary colors}. See under {Color}.

   {Primary meeting}, a meeting of citizens at which the first
      steps are taken towards the nomination of candidates, etc.
      See {Caucus}.

   {Primary pinna} (Bot.), one of those portions of a compound
      leaf or frond which branch off directly from the main
      rhachis or stem, whether simple or compounded.

   {Primary planets}. (Astron.) See the Note under {Planet}.

   {Primary qualities of bodies}, such are essential to and
      inseparable from them.

   {Primary quills} (Zo["o]l.), the largest feathers of the wing
      of a bird; primaries.

   {Primary rocks} (Geol.), a term early used for rocks supposed
      to have been first formed, being crystalline and
      containing no organic remains, as granite, gneiss, etc.;
      -- called also {primitive rocks}. The terms Secondary,
      Tertiary, and Quaternary rocks have also been used in like
      manner, but of these the last two only are now in use.

   {Primary salt} (Chem.), a salt derived from a polybasic acid
      in which only one acid hydrogen atom has been replaced by
      a base or basic radical.

   {Primary syphilis} (Med.), the initial stage of syphilis,
      including the period from the development of the original
      lesion or chancre to the first manifestation of symptoms
      indicative of general constitutional infection.

   {Primary union} (Surg.), union without suppuration; union by
      the first intention.

Color \Col"or\, n. [Written also {colour}.] [OF. color, colur,
   colour, F. couleur, L. color; prob. akin to celare to conceal
   (the color taken as that which covers). See {Helmet}.]
   1. A property depending on the relations of light to the eye,
      by which individual and specific differences in the hues
      and tints of objects are apprehended in vision; as, gay
      colors; sad colors, etc.

   Note: The sensation of color depends upon a peculiar function
         of the retina or optic nerve, in consequence of which
         rays of light produce different effects according to
         the length of their waves or undulations, waves of a
         certain length producing the sensation of red, shorter
         waves green, and those still shorter blue, etc. White,
         or ordinary, light consists of waves of various lengths
         so blended as to produce no effect of color, and the
         color of objects depends upon their power to absorb or
         reflect a greater or less proportion of the rays which
         fall upon them.

   2. Any hue distinguished from white or black.

   3. The hue or color characteristic of good health and
      spirits; ruddy complexion.

            Give color to my pale cheek.          --Shak.

   4. That which is used to give color; a paint; a pigment; as,
      oil colors or water colors.

   5. That which covers or hides the real character of anything;
      semblance; excuse; disguise; appearance.

            They had let down the boat into the sea, under color
            as though they would have cast anchors out of the
            foreship.                             --Acts xxvii.
                                                  30.

            That he should die is worthy policy; But yet we want
            a color for his death.                --Shak.

   6. Shade or variety of character; kind; species.

            Boys and women are for the most part cattle of this
            color.                                --Shak.

   7. A distinguishing badge, as a flag or similar symbol
      (usually in the plural); as, the colors or color of a ship
      or regiment; the colors of a race horse (that is, of the
      cap and jacket worn by the jockey).

            In the United States each regiment of infantry and
            artillery has two colors, one national and one
            regimental.                           --Farrow.

   8. (Law) An apparent right; as where the defendant in
      trespass gave to the plaintiff an appearance of title, by
      stating his title specially, thus removing the cause from
      the jury to the court. --Blackstone.

   Note: Color is express when it is averred in the pleading,
         and implied when it is implied in the pleading.

   {Body color}. See under {Body}.

   {Color blindness}, total or partial inability to distinguish
      or recognize colors. See {Daltonism}.

   {Complementary color}, one of two colors so related to each
      other that when blended together they produce white light;
      -- so called because each color makes up to the other what
      it lacks to make it white. Artificial or pigment colors,
      when mixed, produce effects differing from those of the
      primary colors, in consequence of partial absorption.

   {Of color} (as persons, races, etc.), not of the white race;
      -- commonly meaning, esp. in the United States, of negro
      blood, pure or mixed.

   {Primary colors}, those developed from the solar beam by the
      prism, viz., red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and
      violet, which are reduced by some authors to three, --
      red, green, and violet-blue. These three are sometimes
      called {fundamental colors}.

   {Subjective} or {Accidental color}, a false or spurious color
      seen in some instances, owing to the persistence of the
      luminous impression upon the retina, and a gradual change
      of its character, as where a wheel perfectly white, and
      with a circumference regularly subdivided, is made to
      revolve rapidly over a dark object, the teeth of the wheel
      appear to the eye of different shades of color varying
      with the rapidity of rotation. See {Accidental colors},
      under {Accidental}.