资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Surveying \Sur*vey"ing\, n.
   That branch of applied mathematics which teaches the art of
   determining the area of any portion of the earth's surface,
   the length and directions of the bounding lines, the contour
   of the surface, etc., with an accurate delineation of the
   whole on paper; the act or occupation of making surveys.

   {Geodetic surveying}, geodesy.

   {Maritime}, or {Nautical}, {surveying}, that branch of
      surveying which determines the forms of coasts and
      harbors, the entrances of rivers, with the position of
      islands, rocks, and shoals, the depth of water, etc.

   {Plane surveying}. See under {Plane}, a.

   {Topographical surveying}, that branch of surveying which
      involves the process of ascertaining and representing upon
      a plane surface the contour, physical features, etc., of
      any portion of the surface of the earth.

Plane \Plane\, a. [L. planus: cf. F. plan. See {Plan}, a.]
   Without elevations or depressions; even; level; flat; lying
   in, or constituting, a plane; as, a plane surface.

   Note: In science, this word (instead of plain) is almost
         exclusively used to designate a flat or level surface.

   {Plane angle}, the angle included between two straight lines
      in a plane.

   {Plane chart}, {Plane curve}. See under {Chart} and {Curve}.
      

   {Plane figure}, a figure all points of which lie in the same
      plane. If bounded by straight lines it is a rectilinear
      plane figure, if by curved lines it is a curvilinear plane
      figure.

   {Plane geometry}, that part of geometry which treats of the
      relations and properties of plane figures.

   {Plane problem}, a problem which can be solved geometrically
      by the aid of the right line and circle only.

   {Plane sailing} (Naut.), the method of computing a ship's
      place and course on the supposition that the earth's
      surface is a plane.

   {Plane scale} (Naut.), a scale for the use of navigators, on
      which are graduated chords, sines, tangents, secants,
      rhumbs, geographical miles, etc.

   {Plane surveying}, surveying in which the curvature of the
      earth is disregarded; ordinary field and topographical
      surveying of tracts of moderate extent.

   {Plane table}, an instrument used for plotting the lines of a
      survey on paper in the field.

   {Plane trigonometry}, the branch of trigonometry in which its
      principles are applied to plane triangles.