资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Ruff \Ruff\, n. [Of uncertain origin: cf. Icel. r?finn rough,
   uncombed, Pr. ruf rude, rough, Sp. rufo frizzed, crisp,
   curled, G. raufen to pluck, fight, rupfen to pluck, pull, E.
   rough. [root]18. Cf. {Ruffle} to wrinkle.]
   1. A muslin or linen collar plaited, crimped, or fluted, worn
      formerly by both sexes, now only by women and children.

            Here to-morrow with his best ruff on. --Shak.

            His gravity is much lessened since the late
            proclamation came out against ruffs; . . . they were
            come to that height of excess herein, that twenty
            shillings were used to be paid for starching of a
            ruff.                                 --Howell.

   2. Something formed with plaits or flutings, like the collar
      of this name.

            I reared this flower; . . . Soft on the paper ruff
            its leaves I spread.                  --Pope.

   3. An exhibition of pride or haughtiness.

            How many princes . . . in the ruff of all their
            glory, have been taken down from the head of a
            conquering army to the wheel of the victor's
            chariot!                              --L'Estrange.

   4. Wanton or tumultuous procedure or conduct. [Obs.]

            To ruffle it out in a riotous ruff.   --Latimer.

   5. (Mil.) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a
      roll; a ruffle.

   6. (Mach.) A collar on a shaft ot other piece to prevent
      endwise motion. See Illust. of {Collar}.

   7. (Zo["o]l.) A set of lengthened or otherwise modified
      feathers round, or on, the neck of a bird.

   8. (Zo["o]l.)
      (a) A limicoline bird of Europe and Asia ({Pavoncella, or
          Philommachus, pugnax}) allied to the sandpipers. The
          males during the breeding season have a large ruff of
          erectile feathers, variable in their colors, on the
          neck, and yellowish naked tubercles on the face. They
          are polygamous, and are noted for their pugnacity in
          the breeding season. The female is called reeve, or
          rheeve.
      (b) A variety of the domestic pigeon, having a ruff of its
          neck.