资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

   Note: The salmons ascend rivers and penetrate to their head
         streams to spawn. They are remarkably strong fishes,
         and will even leap over considerable falls which lie in
         the way of their progress. The common salmon has been
         known to grow to the weight of seventy-five pounds;
         more generally it is from fifteen to twenty-five
         pounds. Young salmon are called parr, peal, smolt, and
         grilse. Among the true salmons are:

   {Black salmon}, or {Lake salmon}, the namaycush.

   {Dog salmon}, a salmon of Western North America
      ({Oncorhynchus keta}).

   {Humpbacked salmon}, a Pacific-coast salmon ({Oncorhynchus
      gorbuscha}).

   {King salmon}, the quinnat.

   {Landlocked salmon}, a variety of the common salmon (var.
      {Sebago}), long confined in certain lakes in consequence
      of obstructions that prevented it from returning to the
      sea. This last is called also {dwarf salmon}.

   Note: Among fishes of other families which are locally and
         erroneously called salmon are: the pike perch, called
         {jack salmon}; the spotted, or southern, squeteague;
         the cabrilla, called {kelp salmon}; young pollock,
         called {sea salmon}; and the California yellowtail.

   2. A reddish yellow or orange color, like the flesh of the
      salmon.

   {Salmon berry} (Bot.), a large red raspberry growing from
      Alaska to California, the fruit of the {Rubus Nutkanus}.
      

   {Salmon killer} (Zo["o]l.), a stickleback ({Gasterosteus
      cataphractus}) of Western North America and Northern Asia.
      

   {Salmon ladder}, {Salmon stair}. See {Fish ladder}, under
      {Fish}.

   {Salmon peel}, a young salmon.

   {Salmon pipe}, a certain device for catching salmon. --Crabb.

   {Salmon trout}. (Zo["o]l.)
      (a) The European sea trout ({Salmo trutta}). It resembles
          the salmon, but is smaller, and has smaller and more
          numerous scales.
      (b) The American namaycush.
      (c) A name that is also applied locally to the adult black
          spotted trout ({Salmo purpuratus}), and to the steel
          head and other large trout of the Pacific coast.

Humpbacked salmon \Hump"backed` salm"on\
   A small salmon ({Oncorhynchus gorbuscha}) which ascends the
   rivers of the Pacific coast from California to Alaska, and
   also on the Asiatic side. In the breeding season the male has
   a large dorsal hump and distorted jaws.

Humpback \Hump"back`\, n. [Cf. {Hunchback}.]
   1. A crooked back; a humped back. --Tatler.

   2. A humpbacked person; a hunchback.

   3. (Zo["o]l.)
      (a) Any whale of the genus {Megaptera}, characterized by a
          hump or bunch on the back. Several species are known.
          The most common ones in the North Atlantic are
          {Megaptera longimana} of Europe, and {M. osphyia} of
          America; that of the California coasts is {M.
          versabilis}.
      (b) A small salmon ({Oncorhynchus gorbuscha}), of the
          northwest coast of America.