资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Objective \Ob*jec"tive\, a. [Cf.F. objectif.]
   1. Of or pertaining to an object.

   2. (Metaph.) Of or pertaining to an object; contained in, or
      having the nature or position of, an object; outward;
      external; extrinsic; -- an epithet applied to whatever ir
      exterior to the mind, or which is simply an object of
      thought or feeling, and opposed to {subjective}.

            In the Middle Ages, subject meant substance, and has
            this sense in Descartes and Spinoza: sometimes,
            also, in Reid. Subjective is used by William of
            Occam to denote that which exists independent of
            mind; objective, what is formed by the mind. This
            shows what is meant by realitas objectiva in
            Descartes. Kant and Fichte have inverted the
            meanings. Subject, with them, is the mind which
            knows; object, that which is known; subjective, the
            varying conditions of the knowing mind; objective,
            that which is in the constant nature of the thing
            known.                                --Trendelenburg.

            Objective means that which belongs to, or proceeds
            from, the object known, and not from the subject
            knowing, and thus denotes what is real, in
            opposition to that which is ideal -- what exists in
            nature, in contrast to what exists merely in the
            thought of the individual.            --Sir. W.
                                                  Hamilton.

            Objective has come to mean that which has
            independent exostence or authority, apart from our
            experience or thought. Thus, moral law is said to
            have objective authority, that is, authority
            belonging to itself, and not drawn from anything in
            our nature.                           --Calderwood
                                                  (Fleming's
                                                  Vocabulary).

   3. (Gram.) Pertaining to, or designating, the case which
      follows a transitive verb or a preposition, being that
      case in which the direct object of the verb is placed. See
      {Accusative}, n.

   Note: The objective case is frequently used without a
         governing word, esp. in designations of time or space,
         where a preposition, as at, in, on, etc., may be
         supplied.

               My troublous dream [on] this night make me sad.
                                                  --Shak.

               To write of victories [in or for] next year.
                                                  --Hudibras.

   {Objective line} (Perspective), a line drawn on the
      geometrical plane which is represented or sought to be
      represented.

   {Objective plane} (Perspective), any plane in the horizontal
      plane that is represented.

   {Objective point}, the point or result to which the
      operations of an army are directed. By extension, the
      point or purpose to which anything, as a journey or an
      argument, is directed.

   Syn: {Objective}, {Subjective}.

   Usage: Objective is applied to things exterior to the mind,
          and objects of its attention; subjective, to the
          operations of the mind itself. Hence, an objective
          motive is some outward thing awakening desire; a
          subjective motive is some internal feeling or
          propensity. Objective views are those governed by
          outward things; subjective views are produced or
          modified by internal feeling. Sir Walter Scott's
          poetry is chiefly objective; that of Wordsworth is
          eminently subjective.

                In the philosophy of mind, subjective denotes
                what is to be referred to the thinking subject,
                the ego; objective what belongs to the object of
                thought, the non-ego.             --Sir. W.
                                                  Hamilton

Plane \Plane\, n. [F. plane, L. plana. See {Plane}, v. & a.]
   1. (Geom.) A surface, real or imaginary, in which, if any two
      points are taken, the straight line which joins them lies
      wholly in that surface; or a surface, any section of which
      by a like surface is a straight line; a surface without
      curvature.

   2. (Astron.) An ideal surface, conceived as coinciding with,
      or containing, some designated astronomical line, circle,
      or other curve; as, the plane of an orbit; the plane of
      the ecliptic, or of the equator.

   3. (Mech.) A block or plate having a perfectly flat surface,
      used as a standard of flatness; a surface plate.

   4. (Joinery) A tool for smoothing boards or other surfaces of
      wood, for forming moldings, etc. It consists of a
      smooth-soled stock, usually of wood, from the under side
      or face of which projects slightly the steel cutting edge
      of a chisel, called the iron, which inclines backward,
      with an apperture in front for the escape of shavings; as,
      the jack plane; the smoothing plane; the molding plane,
      etc.

   {Objective plane} (Surv.), the horizontal plane upon which
      the object which is to be delineated, or whose place is to
      be determined, is supposed to stand.

   {Perspective plane}. See {Perspective}.

   {Plane at infinity} (Geom.), a plane in which points
      infinitely distant are conceived as situated.

   {Plane iron}, the cutting chisel of a joiner's plane.

   {Plane of polarization}. (Opt.) See {Polarization}.

   {Plane of projection}.
      (a) The plane on which the projection is made,
          corresponding to the perspective plane in perspective;
          -- called also principal plane.
      (b) (Descriptive Geom.) One of the planes to which points
          are referred for the purpose of determining their
          relative position in space.

   {Plane of refraction} or {reflection} (Opt.), the plane in
      which lie both the incident ray and the refracted or
      reflected ray.