资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Musk \Musk\, n. [F. musc, L. muscus, Per. musk, fr. Skr. mushka
   testicle, orig., a little mouse. See {Mouse}, and cd.
   {Abelmosk}, {Muscadel}, {Muscovy duck}, {Nutmeg}.]
   1. A substance of a reddish brown color, and when fresh of
      the consistence of honey, obtained from a bag being behind
      the navel of the male musk deer. It has a slightly bitter
      taste, but is specially remarkable for its powerful and
      enduring odor. It is used in medicine as a stimulant
      antispasmodic. The term is also applied to secretions of
      various other animals, having a similar odor.

   2. (Zo["o]l.) The musk deer. See {Musk deer} (below).

   3. The perfume emitted by musk, or any perfume somewhat
      similar.

   4. (Bot.)
      (a) The musk plant ({Mimulus moschatus}).
      (b) A plant of the genus {Erodium} ({E. moschatum}); --
          called also {musky heron's-bill}.
      (c) A plant of the genus {Muscari}; grape hyacinth.

   {Musk beaver} (Zo["o]l.), muskrat (1).

   {Musk beetle} (Zo["o]l.), a European longicorn beetle
      ({Aromia moschata}), having an agreeable odor resembling
      that of attar of roses.

   {Musk cat}. See {Bondar}.

   {Musk cattle} (Zo["o]l.), musk oxen. See {Musk ox} (below).
      

   {Musk deer} (Zo["o]l.), a small hornless deer ({Moschus
      moschiferus}), which inhabits the elevated parts of
      Central Asia. The upper canine teeth of the male are
      developed into sharp tusks, curved downward. The male has
      scent bags on the belly, from which the musk of commerce
      is derived. The deer is yellow or red-brown above, whitish
      below. The pygmy musk deer are chevrotains, as the kanchil
      and napu.

   {Musk duck}. (Zo["o]l.)
      (a) The Muscovy duck.
      (b) An Australian duck ({Biziura lobata}).

   {Musk lorikeet} (Zo["o]l.), the Pacific lorikeet
      ({Glossopsitta australis}) of Australia.

   {Musk mallow} (Bot.), a name of two malvaceous plants:
      (a) A species of mallow ({Malva moschata}), the foliage of
          which has a faint musky smell.
      (b) An Asiatic shrub. See {Abelmosk}.

   {Musk orchis} (Bot.), a European plant of the Orchis family
      ({Herminium Minorchis}); -- so called from its peculiar
      scent.

   {Musk ox} (Zo["o]l.), an Arctic hollow-horned ruminant
      ({Ovibos moschatus}), now existing only in America, but
      found fossil in Europe and Asia. It is covered with a
      thick coat of fine yellowish wool, and with long dark
      hair, which is abundant and shaggy on the neck and
      shoulders. The full-grown male weighs over four hundred
      pounds.

   {Musk parakeet}. (Zo["o]l.) Same as {Musk lorikeet} (above).
      

   {Musk pear} (Bot.), a fragrant kind of pear much resembling
      the Seckel pear.

   {Musk plant} (Bot.), the {Mimulus moschatus}, a plant found
      in Western North America, often cultivated, and having a
      strong musky odor.

   {Musk root} (Bot.), the name of several roots with a strong
      odor, as that of the nard ({Nardostachys Jatamansi}) and
      of a species of {Angelica}.

   {Musk rose} (Bot.), a species of rose ({Rosa moschata}),
      having peculiarly fragrant white blossoms.

   {Musk seed} (Bot.), the seed of a plant of the Mallow family
      ({Hibiscus moschatus}), used in perfumery and in
      flavoring. See {Abelmosk}.

   {Musk sheep} (Zo["o]l.), the musk ox.

   {Musk shrew} (Zo["o]l.), a shrew ({Sorex murinus}), found in
      India. It has a powerful odor of musk. Called also
      {sondeli}, and {mondjourou}.

   {Musk thistle} (Bot.), a species of thistle ({Carduus
      nutans}), having fine large flowers, and leaves smelling
      strongly of musk.

   {Musk tortoise}, {Musk turtle} (Zo["o]l.), a small American
      fresh-water tortoise ({Armochelys, or Ozotheca, odorata}),
      which has a distinct odor of musk; -- called also
      {stinkpot}.

Nard \Nard\, n. [AS., fr. L. nardus, Gr. ??????; cf. Heb.
   n[^e]rd, Per. nard, Scr. nalada.]
   1. (Bot.) An East Indian plant ({Nardostachys Jatamansi}) of
      the Valerian family, used from remote ages in Oriental
      perfumery.

   2. An ointment prepared partly from this plant. See
      {Spikenard}.

   3. (Bot.) A kind of grass ({Nardus stricta}) of little value,
      found in Europe and Asia.

Spikenard \Spike"nard\, n.[For spiked nard; cf. G. spieknarde,
   NL. spica nardi. See {Spike} an ear, and {Nard}.]
   1. (Bot.) An aromatic plant. In the United States it is the
      {Aralia racemosa}, often called {spignet}, and used as a
      medicine. The spikenard of the ancients is the
      {Nardostachys Jatamansi}, a native of the Himalayan
      region. From its blackish roots a perfume for the hair is
      still prepared in India.

   2. A fragrant essential oil, as that from the {Nardostachys
      Jatamansi}.

Spikenard \Spike"nard\, n.[For spiked nard; cf. G. spieknarde,
   NL. spica nardi. See {Spike} an ear, and {Nard}.]
   1. (Bot.) An aromatic plant. In the United States it is the
      {Aralia racemosa}, often called {spignet}, and used as a
      medicine. The spikenard of the ancients is the
      {Nardostachys Jatamansi}, a native of the Himalayan
      region. From its blackish roots a perfume for the hair is
      still prepared in India.

   2. A fragrant essential oil, as that from the {Nardostachys
      Jatamansi}.