资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Wolf \Wolf\, n.; pl. {Wolves}. [OE. wolf, wulf, AS. wulf; akin
   to OS. wulf, D. & G. wolf, Icel. [=u]lfr, Sw. ulf, Dan. ulv,
   Goth. wulfs, Lith. vilkas, Russ. volk', L. lupus, Gr. ly`kos,
   Skr. v[.r]ka; also to Gr. "e`lkein to draw, drag, tear in
   pieces. [root]286. Cf. {Lupine}, a., {Lyceum}.]
   1. (Zo["o]l.) Any one of several species of wild and savage
      carnivores belonging to the genus {Canis} and closely
      allied to the common dog. The best-known and most
      destructive species are the European wolf ({Canis lupus}),
      the American gray, or timber, wolf ({C. occidentalis}),
      and the prairie wolf, or coyote. Wolves often hunt in
      packs, and may thus attack large animals and even man.

   2. (Zo["o]l.) One of the destructive, and usually hairy,
      larv[ae] of several species of beetles and grain moths;
      as, the bee wolf.

   3. Fig.: Any very ravenous, rapacious, or destructive person
      or thing; especially, want; starvation; as, they toiled
      hard to keep the wolf from the door.

   4. A white worm, or maggot, which infests granaries.

   5. An eating ulcer or sore. Cf. {Lupus}. [Obs.]

            If God should send a cancer upon thy face, or a wolf
            into thy side.                        --Jer. Taylor.

   6. (Mus.)
      (a) The harsh, howling sound of some of the chords on an
          organ or piano tuned by unequal temperament.
      (b) In bowed instruments, a harshness due to defective
          vibration in certain notes of the scale.

   7. (Textile Manuf.) A willying machine. --Knight.

   {Black wolf}. (Zo["o]l.)
      (a) A black variety of the European wolf which is common
          in the Pyrenees.
      (b) A black variety of the American gray wolf.

   {Golden wolf} (Zo["o]l.), the Thibetan wolf ({Canis
      laniger}); -- called also {chanco}.

   {Indian wolf} (Zo["o]l.), an Asiatic wolf ({Canis pallipes})
      which somewhat resembles a jackal. Called also {landgak}.
      

   {Prairie wolf} (Zo["o]l.), the coyote.

   {Sea wolf}. (Zo["o]l.) See in the Vocabulary.

   {Strand wolf} (Zo["o]l.) the striped hyena.

   {Tasmanian wolf} (Zo["o]l.), the zebra wolf.

   {Tiger wolf} (Zo["o]l.), the spotted hyena.

   {To keep the wolf from the door}, to keep away poverty; to
      prevent starvation. See {Wolf}, 3, above. --Tennyson.

   {Wolf dog}. (Zo["o]l.)
      (a) The mastiff, or shepherd dog, of the Pyrenees,
          supposed by some authors to be one of the ancestors of
          the St. Bernard dog.
      (b) The Irish greyhound, supposed to have been used
          formerly by the Danes for chasing wolves.
      (c) A dog bred between a dog and a wolf, as the Eskimo
          dog.

   {Wolf eel} (Zo["o]l.), a wolf fish.

   {Wolf fish} (Zo["o]l.), any one of several species of large,
      voracious marine fishes of the genus {Anarrhichas},
      especially the common species ({A. lupus}) of Europe and
      North America. These fishes have large teeth and powerful
      jaws. Called also {catfish}, {sea cat}, {sea wolf}, {stone
      biter}, and {swinefish}.

   {Wolf net}, a kind of net used in fishing, which takes great
      numbers of fish.

   {Wolf's peach} (Bot.), the tomato, or love apple
      ({Lycopersicum esculentum}).

   {Wolf spider} (Zo["o]l.), any one of numerous species of
      running ground spiders belonging to the genus {Lycosa}, or
      family {Lycosid[ae]}. These spiders run about rapidly in
      search of their prey. Most of them are plain brown or
      blackish in color. See Illust. in App.

   {Zebra wolf} (Zo["o]l.), a savage carnivorous marsupial
      ({Thylacinus cynocephalus}) native of Tasmania; -- called
      also {Tasmanian wolf}.

Apple \Ap"ple\ ([a^]p"p'l), n. [OE. appel, eppel, AS. [ae]ppel,
   [ae]pl; akin to Fries. & D. appel, OHG, aphul, aphol, G.
   apfel, Icel. epli, Sw. ["a]ple, Dan. [ae]ble, Gael. ubhall,
   W. afal, Arm. aval, Lith. ob[*u]lys, Russ. iabloko; of
   unknown origin.]
   1. The fleshy pome or fruit of a rosaceous tree ({Pyrus
      malus}) cultivated in numberless varieties in the
      temperate zones.

   Note: The European crab apple is supposed to be the original
         kind, from which all others have sprung.

   2. (bot.) Any tree genus {Pyrus} which has the stalk sunken
      into the base of the fruit; an apple tree.

   3. Any fruit or other vegetable production resembling, or
      supposed to resemble, the apple; as, apple of love, or
      love apple (a tomato), balsam apple, egg apple, oak apple.

   4. Anything round like an apple; as, an apple of gold.

   Note: Apple is used either adjectively or in combination; as,
         apple paper or apple-paper, apple-shaped, apple
         blossom, apple dumpling, apple pudding.

   {Apple blight}, an aphid which injures apple trees. See
      {Blight}, n.

   {Apple borer} (Zo["o]l.), a coleopterous insect ({Saperda
      candida or bivittata}), the larva of which bores into the
      trunk of the apple tree and pear tree.

   {Apple brandy}, brandy made from apples.

   {Apple butter}, a sauce made of apples stewed down in cider.
      --Bartlett.

   {Apple corer}, an instrument for removing the cores from
      apples.

   {Apple fly} (Zo["o]l.), any dipterous insect, the larva of
      which burrows in apples. Apple flies belong to the genera
      {Drosophila} and {Trypeta}.

   {Apple midge} (Zo["o]l.) a small dipterous insect ({Sciara
      mali}), the larva of which bores in apples.

   {Apple of the eye}, the pupil.

   {Apple of discord}, a subject of contention and envy, so
      called from the mythological golden apple, inscribed ``For
      the fairest,'' which was thrown into an assembly of the
      gods by Eris, the goddess of discord. It was contended for
      by Juno, Minerva, and Venus, and was adjudged to the
      latter.

   {Apple of love}, or {Love apple}, the tomato ({Lycopersicum
      esculentum}).

   {Apple of Peru}, a large coarse herb ({Nicandra physaloides})
      bearing pale blue flowers, and a bladderlike fruit
      inclosing a dry berry.

   {Apples of Sodom}, a fruit described by ancient writers as
      externally of fair appearance but dissolving into smoke
      and ashes when plucked; Dead Sea apples. The name is often
      given to the fruit of {Solanum Sodom[ae]um}, a prickly
      shrub with fruit not unlike a small yellow tomato.

   {Apple sauce}, stewed apples. [U. S.]

   {Apple snail} or {Apple shell} (Zo["o]l.), a fresh-water,
      operculated, spiral shell of the genus {Ampullaria}.

   {Apple tart}, a tart containing apples.

   {Apple tree}, a tree which naturally bears apples. See
      {Apple, 2.}

   {Apple wine}, cider.

   {Apple worm} (Zo["o]l.), the larva of a small moth
      ({Carpocapsa pomonella}) which burrows in the interior of
      apples. See {Codling moth}.

   {Dead Sea Apple}.
      (a) pl. Apples of Sodom. Also Fig. ``To seek the Dead Sea
          apples of politics.'' --S. B. Griffin.
      (b) A kind of gallnut coming from Arabia. See {Gallnut}.