资料来源 : pyDict

搁浅,不能动弹;严格的,不能变动的

资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Fast \Fast\, a. [Compar. {Faster}; superl. {Fastest}.] [OE.,
   firm, strong, not loose, AS. f?st; akin to OS. fast, D. vast,
   OHG. fasti, festi, G. fest, Icel. fastr, Sw. & Dan. fast, and
   perh. to E. fetter. The sense swift comes from the idea of
   keeping close to what is pursued; a Scandinavian use. Cf.
   {Fast}, adv., {Fast}, v., {Avast}.]
   1. Firmly fixed; closely adhering; made firm; not loose,
      unstable, or easily moved; immovable; as, to make fast the
      door.

            There is an order that keeps things fast. --Burke.

   2. Firm against attack; fortified by nature or art;
      impregnable; strong.

            Outlaws . . . lurking in woods and fast places.
                                                  --Spenser.

   3. Firm in adherence; steadfast; not easily separated or
      alienated; faithful; as, a fast friend.

   4. Permanent; not liable to fade by exposure to air or by
      washing; durable; lasting; as, fast colors.

   5. Tenacious; retentive. [Obs.]

            Roses, damask and red, are fast flowers of their
            smells.                               --Bacon.

   6. Not easily disturbed or broken; deep; sound.

            All this while in a most fast sleep.  --Shak.

   7. Moving rapidly; quick in mition; rapid; swift; as, a fast
      horse.

   8. Given to pleasure seeking; disregardful of restraint;
      reckless; wild; dissipated; dissolute; as, a fast man; a
      fast liver. --Thackeray.

   {Fast and loose}, now cohering, now disjoined; inconstant,
      esp. in the phrases to play at fast and loose, to play
      fast and loose, to act with giddy or reckless inconstancy
      or in a tricky manner; to say one thing and do another.
      ``Play fast and loose with faith.'' --Shak.

   {Fast and loose pulleys} (Mach.), two pulleys placed side by
      side on a revolving shaft, which is driven from another
      shaft by a band, and arranged to disengage and re["e]ngage
      the machinery driven thereby. When the machinery is to be
      stopped, the band is transferred from the pulley fixed to
      the shaft to the pulley which revolves freely upon it, and
      vice versa.

   {Hard and fast} (Naut.), so completely aground as to be
      immovable.

   {To make fast} (Naut.), to make secure; to fasten firmly, as
      a vessel, a rope, or a door.

Hard \Hard\, a. [Compar. {Harder}; superl. {Hardest}.] [{OE}.
   heard, AS. heard; akin to OS. & D. heard, G. hart, OHG.
   harti, Icel. har?r, Dan. haard, Sw. h[*a]rd, Goth. hardus,
   Gr.? strong, ?, ?, strength, and also to E. -ard, as in
   coward, drunkard, -crat, -cracy in autocrat, democracy; cf.
   Skr. kratu strength, ? to do, make. Cf. {Hardy}.]
   1. Not easily penetrated, cut, or separated into parts; not
      yielding to pressure; firm; solid; compact; -- applied to
      material bodies, and opposed to soft; as, hard wood; hard
      flesh; a hard apple.

   2. Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily apprehended,
      decided, or resolved; as a hard problem.

            The hard causes they brought unto Moses. --Ex.
                                                  xviii. 26.

            In which are some things hard to be understood. --2
                                                  Peter iii. 16.

   3. Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles; laborious;
      fatiguing; arduous; as, a hard task; a disease hard to
      cure.

   4. Difficult to resist or control; powerful.

            The stag was too hard for the horse.  --L'Estrange.

            A power which will be always too hard for them.
                                                  --Addison.

   5. Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up with or
      consent to; hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive;
      distressing; unjust; grasping; as, a hard lot; hard times;
      hard fare; a hard winter; hard conditions or terms.

            I never could drive a hard bargain.   --Burke.

   6. Difficult to please or influence; stern; unyielding;
      obdurate; unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; as, a hard
      master; a hard heart; hard words; a hard character.

   7. Not easy or agreeable to the taste; stiff; rigid;
      ungraceful; repelling; as, a hard style.

            Figures harder than even the marble itself.
                                                  --Dryden.

   8. Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; as, hard cider.

   9. (Pron.) Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not aspirated,
      sibilated, or pronounced with a gradual change of the
      organs from one position to another; -- said of certain
      consonants, as c in came, and g in go, as distinguished
      from the same letters in center, general, etc.

   10. Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance; harsh; as, a
       hard tone.

   11. (Painting)
       (a) Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures;
           formal; lacking grace of composition.
       (b) Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in the
           coloring or light and shade.

   {Hard cancer}, {Hard case}, etc. See under {Cancer}, {Case},
      etc.

   {Hard clam}, or {Hard-shelled clam} (Zo["o]l.), the guahog.
      

   {Hard coal}, anthracite, as distinguished from bituminous or
      soft coal.

   {Hard and fast}. (Naut.) See under {Fast}.

   {Hard finish} (Arch.), a smooth finishing coat of hard fine
      plaster applied to the surface of rough plastering.

   {Hard lines}, hardship; difficult conditions.

   {Hard money}, coin or specie, as distinguished from paper
      money.

   {Hard oyster} (Zo["o]l.), the northern native oyster. [Local,
      U. S.]

   {Hard pan}, the hard stratum of earth lying beneath the soil;
      hence, figuratively, the firm, substantial, fundamental
      part or quality of anything; as, the hard pan of
      character, of a matter in dispute, etc. See {Pan}.

   {Hard rubber}. See under {Rubber}.

   {Hard solder}. See under {Solder}.

   {Hard water}, water, which contains lime or some mineral
      substance rendering it unfit for washing. See {Hardness},
      3.

   {Hard wood}, wood of a solid or hard texture; as walnut, oak,
      ash, box, and the like, in distinction from pine, poplar,
      hemlock, etc.

   {In hard condition}, in excellent condition for racing;
      having firm muscles;-said of race horses.

   Syn: Solid; arduous; powerful; trying; unyielding; stubborn;
        stern; flinty; unfeeling; harsh; difficult; severe;
        obdurate; rigid. See {Solid}, and {Arduous}.