资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Telegraph \Tel"e*graph\, n. [Gr. ? far, far off (cf. Lith. toli)
   + -graph: cf. F. t['e]l['e]graphe. See {Graphic}.]
   An apparatus, or a process, for communicating intelligence
   rapidly between distant points, especially by means of
   preconcerted visible or audible signals representing words or
   ideas, or by means of words and signs, transmitted by
   electrical action.

   Note: The instruments used are classed as indicator,
         type-printing, symbol-printing, or chemical-printing
         telegraphs, according as the intelligence is given by
         the movements of a pointer or indicator, as in Cooke &
         Wheatstone's (the form commonly used in England), or by
         impressing, on a fillet of paper, letters from types,
         as in House's and Hughe's, or dots and marks from a
         sharp point moved by a magnet, as in Morse's, or
         symbols produced by electro-chemical action, as in
         Bain's. In the offices in the United States the
         recording instrument is now little used, the receiving
         operator reading by ear the combinations of long and
         short intervals of sound produced by the armature of an
         electro-magnet as it is put in motion by the opening
         and breaking of the circuit, which motion, in
         registering instruments, traces upon a ribbon of paper
         the lines and dots used to represent the letters of the
         alphabet. See Illustration in Appendix.

   {Acoustic telegraph}. See under {Acoustic}.

   {Dial telegraph}, a telegraph in which letters of the
      alphabet and numbers or other symbols are placed upon the
      border of a circular dial plate at each station, the
      apparatus being so arranged that the needle or index of
      the dial at the receiving station accurately copies the
      movements of that at the sending station.

   {Electric telegraph}, or {Electro-magnetic telegraph}, a
      telegraph in which an operator at one station causes words
      or signs to be made at another by means of a current of
      electricity, generated by a battery and transmitted over
      an intervening wire.

   {Facsimile telegraph}. See under {Facsimile}.

   {Indicator telegraph}. See under {Indicator}.

   {Pan-telegraph}, an electric telegraph by means of which a
      drawing or writing, as an autographic message, may be
      exactly reproduced at a distant station.

   {Printing telegraph}, an electric telegraph which
      automatically prints the message as it is received at a
      distant station, in letters, not signs.

   {Signal telegraph}, a telegraph in which preconcerted
      signals, made by a machine, or otherwise, at one station,
      are seen or heard and interpreted at another; a semaphore.
      

   {Submarine telegraph cable}, a telegraph cable laid under
      water to connect stations separated by a body of water.

   {Telegraph cable}, a telegraphic cable consisting of several
      conducting wires, inclosed by an insulating and protecting
      material, so as to bring the wires into compact compass
      for use on poles, or to form a strong cable impervious to
      water, to be laid under ground, as in a town or city, or
      under water, as in the ocean.

   {Telegraph plant} (Bot.), a leguminous plant ({Desmodium
      gyrans}) native of the East Indies. The leaflets move up
      and down like the signals of a semaphore.

Electric \E*lec"tric\, Electrical \E*lec"tric*al\, a. [L.
   electrum amber, a mixed metal, Gr. ?; akin to ? the beaming
   sun, cf. Skr. arc to beam, shine: cf. F. ['e]lectrique. The
   name came from the production of electricity by the friction
   of amber.]
   1. Pertaining to electricity; consisting of, containing,
      derived from, or produced by, electricity; as, electric
      power or virtue; an electric jar; electric effects; an
      electric spark.

   2. Capable of occasioning the phenomena of electricity; as,
      an electric or electrical machine or substance.

   3. Electrifying; thrilling; magnetic. ``Electric Pindar.''
      --Mrs. Browning.

   {Electric atmosphere}, or {Electric aura}. See under {Aura}.
      

   {Electrical battery}. See {Battery}.

   {Electrical brush}. See under {Brush}.

   {Electric cable}. See {Telegraph cable}, under {Telegraph}.
      

   {Electric candle}. See under {Candle}.

   {Electric cat} (Zo["o]l.), one of three or more large species
      of African catfish of the genus {Malapterurus} (esp. {M.
      electricus} of the Nile). They have a large electrical
      organ and are able to give powerful shocks; -- called also
      {sheathfish}.

   {Electric clock}. See under {Clock}, and see
      {Electro-chronograph}.

   {Electric current}, a current or stream of electricity
      traversing a closed circuit formed of conducting
      substances, or passing by means of conductors from one
      body to another which is in a different electrical state.
      

   {Electric, or Electrical}, {eel} (Zo["o]l.), a South American
      eel-like fresh-water fish of the genus {Gymnotus} ({G.
      electricus}), from two to five feet in length, capable of
      giving a violent electric shock. See {Gymnotus}.

   {Electrical fish} (Zo["o]l.), any fish which has an
      electrical organ by means of which it can give an
      electrical shock. The best known kinds are the torpedo,
      the gymnotus, or electrical eel, and the electric cat. See
      {Torpedo}, and {Gymnotus}.

   {Electric fluid}, the supposed matter of electricity;
      lightning.

   {Electrical image} (Elec.), a collection of electrical points
      regarded as forming, by an analogy with optical phenomena,
      an image of certain other electrical points, and used in
      the solution of electrical problems. --Sir W. Thomson.

   {Electrical light}, the light produced by a current of
      electricity which in passing through a resisting medium
      heats it to incandescence or burns it. See under {Carbon}.
      

   {Electric, or Electrical}, {machine}, an apparatus for
      generating, collecting, or exciting, electricity, as by
      friction.

   {Electric motor}. See {Electro-motor}, 2.

   {Electric osmose}. (Physics) See under {Osmose}.

   {Electric pen}, a hand pen for making perforated stencils for
      multiplying writings. It has a puncturing needle driven at
      great speed by a very small magneto-electric engine on the
      penhandle.

   {Electric railway}, a railway in which the machinery for
      moving the cars is driven by an electric current.

   {Electric ray} (Zo["o]l.), the torpedo.

   {Electric telegraph}. See {Telegraph}.