资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Diameter \Di*am"e*ter\, n. [F. diam[`e]tre, L. diametros, fr.
   Gr. ?; dia` through + ? measure. See {Meter}.]
   1. (Geom.)
      (a) Any right line passing through the center of a figure
          or body, as a circle, conic section, sphere, cube,
          etc., and terminated by the opposite boundaries; a
          straight line which bisects a system of parallel
          chords drawn in a curve.
      (b) A diametral plane.

   2. The length of a straight line through the center of an
      object from side to side; width; thickness; as, the
      diameter of a tree or rock.

   Note: In an elongated object the diameter is usually taken at
         right angles to the longer axis.

   3. (Arch.) The distance through the lower part of the shaft
      of a column, used as a standard measure for all parts of
      the order. See {Module}.

   {Conjugate diameters}. See under {Conjugate}.

Conjugate \Con"ju*gate\, a. [L. conjugatus, p. p. or conjugare
   to unite; con- + jugare to join, yoke, marry, jugum yoke;
   akin to jungere to join. See {Join}.]
   1. United in pairs; yoked together; coupled.

   2. (Bot.) In single pairs; coupled.

   3. (Chem.) Containing two or more radicals supposed to act
      the part of a single one. [R.]

   4. (Gram.) Agreeing in derivation and radical signification;
      -- said of words.

   5. (Math.) Presenting themselves simultaneously and having
      reciprocal properties; -- frequently used in pure and
      applied mathematics with reference to two quantities,
      points, lines, axes, curves, etc.

   {Conjugate axis of a hyperbola} (Math.), the line through the
      center of the curve, perpendicular to the line through the
      two foci.

   {Conjugate diameters} (Conic Sections), two diameters of an
      ellipse or hyperbola such that each bisects all chords
      drawn parallel to the other.

   {Conjugate focus} (Opt.) See under {Focus}.

   {Conjugate mirrors} (Optics), two mirrors so placed that rays
      from the focus of one are received at the focus of the
      other, especially two concave mirrors so placed that rays
      proceeding from the principal focus of one and reflected
      in a parallel beam are received upon the other and brought
      to the principal focus.

   {Conjugate point} (Geom.), an acnode. See {Acnode}, and
      {Double point}.

   {Self-conjugate triangle} (Conic Sections), a triangle each
      of whose vertices is the pole of the opposite side with
      reference to a conic.