资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Wine \Wine\, n. [OE. win, AS. win, fr. L. vinum (cf. Icel.
   v[=i]n; all from the Latin); akin to Gr. o'i^nos, ?, and E.
   withy. Cf. {Vine}, {Vineyard}, {Vinous}, {Withy}.]
   1. The expressed juice of grapes, esp. when fermented; a
      beverage or liquor prepared from grapes by squeezing out
      their juice, and (usually) allowing it to ferment. ``Red
      wine of Gascoigne.'' --Piers Plowman.

            Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging, and
            whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise. --Prov.
                                                  xx. 1.

            Bacchus, that first from out the purple grape
            Crushed the sweet poison of misused wine. --Milton.

   Note: Wine is essentially a dilute solution of ethyl alcohol,
         containing also certain small quantities of ethers and
         ethereal salts which give character and bouquet.
         According to their color, strength, taste, etc., wines
         are called {red}, {white}, {spirituous}, {dry},
         {light}, {still}, etc.

   2. A liquor or beverage prepared from the juice of any fruit
      or plant by a process similar to that for grape wine; as,
      currant wine; gooseberry wine; palm wine.

   3. The effect of drinking wine in excess; intoxication.

            Noah awoke from his wine.             --Gen. ix. 24.

   {Birch wine}, {Cape wine}, etc. See under {Birch}, {Cape},
      etc.

   {Spirit of wine}. See under {Spirit}.

   {To have drunk wine of ape} or {wine ape}, to be so drunk as
      to be foolish. [Obs.] --Chaucer.

   {Wine acid}. (Chem.) See {Tartaric acid}, under {Tartaric}.
      [Colloq.]

   {Wine apple} (Bot.), a large red apple, with firm flesh and a
      rich, vinous flavor.

Birch \Birch\ (b[~e]rch), n.; pl. {Birches} (-[e^]z). [OE.
   birche, birk, AS. birce, beorc; akin to Icel. bj["o]rk, Sw.
   bj["o]rk, Dan. birk, D. berk, OHG. piricha, MHG. birche,
   birke, G. birke, Russ. bereza, Pol. brzoza, Serv. breza, Skr.
   bh[=u]rja. [root]254. Cf. 1st {Birk}.]
   1. A tree of several species, constituting the genus
      {Betula}; as, the white or common birch ({B. alba}) (also
      called silver birch and lady birch); the dwarf birch ({B.
      glandulosa}); the paper or canoe birch ({B. papyracea});
      the yellow birch ({B. lutea}); the black or cherry birch
      ({B. lenta}).

   2. The wood or timber of the birch.

   3. A birch twig or birch twigs, used for flogging.

   Note: The twigs of the common European birch (B. alba), being
         tough and slender, were formerly much used for rods in
         schools. They were also made into brooms.

               The threatening twigs of birch.    --Shak.

   4. A birch-bark canoe.

   {Birch of Jamaica}, a species ({Bursera gummifera}) of
      turpentine tree.

   {Birch partridge}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Ruffed grouse}.

   {Birch wine}, wine made of the spring sap of the birch.

   {Oil of birch}.
      (a) An oil obtained from the bark of the common European
          birch ({Betula alba}), and used in the preparation of
          genuine (and sometimes of the imitation) Russia
          leather, to which it gives its peculiar odor.
      (b) An oil prepared from the black birch ({B. lenta}),
          said to be identical with the oil of wintergreen, for
          which it is largely sold.