资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Roof \Roof\, n. [OE. rof, AS. hr?f top, roof; akin to D. roef
   cabin, Icel. hr?f a shed under which ships are built or kept;
   cf. OS. hr?st roof, Goth. hr?t. Cf. {Roost}.]
   1. (Arch.) The cover of any building, including the roofing
      (see {Roofing}) and all the materials and construction
      necessary to carry and maintain the same upon the walls or
      other uprights. In the case of a building with vaulted
      ceilings protected by an outer roof, some writers call the
      vault the roof, and the outer protection the roof mask. It
      is better, however, to consider the vault as the ceiling
      only, in cases where it has farther covering.

   2. That which resembles, or corresponds to, the covering or
      the ceiling of a house; as, the roof of a cavern; the roof
      of the mouth.

            The flowery roof Showered roses, which the morn
            repaired.                             --Milton.

   3. (Mining.) The surface or bed of rock immediately overlying
      a bed of coal or a flat vein.

   {Bell roof}, {French roof}, etc. (Arch.) See under {Bell},
      {French}, etc.

   {Flat roof}. (Arch.)
      (a) A roof actually horizontal and level, as in some
          Oriental buildings.
      (b) A roof nearly horizontal, constructed of such material
          as allows the water to run off freely from a very
          slight inclination.

   {Roof plate}. (Arch.) See {Plate}, n., 10.

Bell \Bell\, n. [AS. belle, fr. bellan to bellow. See {Bellow}.]
   1. A hollow metallic vessel, usually shaped somewhat like a
      cup with a flaring mouth, containing a clapper or tongue,
      and giving forth a ringing sound on being struck.

   Note: Bells have been made of various metals, but the best
         have always been, as now, of an alloy of copper and
         tin.

   {The Liberty Bell}, the famous bell of the Philadelphia State
      House, which rang when the Continental Congress declared
      the Independence of the United States, in 1776. It had
      been cast in 1753, and upon it were the words ``Proclaim
      liberty throughout all the land, to all the inhabitants
      thereof.''

   2. A hollow perforated sphere of metal containing a loose
      ball which causes it to sound when moved.

   3. Anything in the form of a bell, as the cup or corol of a
      flower. ``In a cowslip's bell I lie.'' --Shak.

   4. (Arch.) That part of the capital of a column included
      between the abacus and neck molding; also used for the
      naked core of nearly cylindrical shape, assumed to exist
      within the leafage of a capital.

   5. pl. (Naut.) The strikes of the bell which mark the time;
      or the time so designated.

   Note: On shipboard, time is marked by a bell, which is struck
         eight times at 4, 8, and 12 o'clock. Half an hour after
         it has struck ``eight bells'' it is struck once, and at
         every succeeding half hour the number of strokes is
         increased by one, till at the end of the four hours,
         which constitute a watch, it is struck eight times.

   {To bear away the bell}, to win the prize at a race where the
      prize was a bell; hence, to be superior in something.
      --Fuller.

   {To bear the bell}, to be the first or leader; -- in allusion
      to the bellwether or a flock, or the leading animal of a
      team or drove, when wearing a bell.

   {To curse by bell}, {book}, {and candle}, a solemn form of
      excommunication used in the Roman Catholic church, the
      bell being tolled, the book of offices for the purpose
      being used, and three candles being extinguished with
      certain ceremonies. --Nares.

   {To lose the bell}, to be worsted in a contest. ``In single
      fight he lost the bell.'' --Fairfax.

   {To shake the bells}, to move, give notice, or alarm. --Shak.

   Note: Bell is much used adjectively or in combinations; as,
         bell clapper; bell foundry; bell hanger; bell-mouthed;
         bell tower, etc., which, for the most part, are
         self-explaining.

   {Bell arch} (Arch.), an arch of unusual form, following the
      curve of an ogee.

   {Bell cage}, or {Bell carriage} (Arch.), a timber frame
      constructed to carry one or more large bells.

   {Bell cot} (Arch.), a small or subsidiary construction,
      frequently corbeled out from the walls of a structure, and
      used to contain and support one or more bells.

   {Bell deck} (Arch.), the floor of a belfry made to serve as a
      roof to the rooms below.

   {Bell founder}, one whose occupation it is to found or cast
      bells.

   {Bell foundry}, or {Bell foundery}, a place where bells are
      founded or cast.

   {Bell gable} (Arch.), a small gable-shaped construction,
      pierced with one or more openings, and used to contain
      bells.

   {Bell glass}. See {Bell jar}.

   {Bell hanger}, a man who hangs or puts up bells.

   {Bell pull}, a cord, handle, or knob, connecting with a bell
      or bell wire, and which will ring the bell when pulled.
      --Aytoun.

   {Bell punch}, a kind of conductor's punch which rings a bell
      when used.

   {Bell ringer}, one who rings a bell or bells, esp. one whose
      business it is to ring a church bell or chime, or a set of
      musical bells for public entertainment.

   {Bell roof} (Arch.), a roof shaped according to the general
      lines of a bell.

   {Bell rope}, a rope by which a church or other bell is rung.
      

   {Bell tent}, a circular conical-topped tent.

   {Bell trap}, a kind of bell shaped stench trap.