资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Mustard \Mus"tard\, n. [OF. moustarde, F. moutarde, fr. L.
   mustum must, -- mustard was prepared for use by being mixed
   with must. See {Must}, n.]
   1. (Bot.) The name of several cruciferous plants of the genus
      {Brassica} (formerly {Sinapis}), as white mustard ({B.
      alba}), black mustard ({B. Nigra}), wild mustard or
      charlock ({B. Sinapistrum}).

   Note: There are also many herbs of the same family which are
         called mustard, and have more or less of the flavor of
         the true mustard; as, bowyer's mustard ({Lepidium
         ruderale}); hedge mustard ({Sisymbrium officinale});
         Mithridate mustard ({Thlaspi arvense}); tower mustard
         ({Arabis perfoliata}); treacle mustard ({Erysimum
         cheiranthoides}).

   2. A powder or a paste made from the seeds of black or white
      mustard, used as a condiment and a rubefacient. Taken
      internally it is stimulant and diuretic, and in large
      doses is emetic.

   {Mustard oil} (Chem.), a substance obtained from mustard, as
      a transparent, volatile and intensely pungent oil. The
      name is also extended to a number of analogous compounds
      produced either naturally or artificially.

Birch \Birch\ (b[~e]rch), n.; pl. {Birches} (-[e^]z). [OE.
   birche, birk, AS. birce, beorc; akin to Icel. bj["o]rk, Sw.
   bj["o]rk, Dan. birk, D. berk, OHG. piricha, MHG. birche,
   birke, G. birke, Russ. bereza, Pol. brzoza, Serv. breza, Skr.
   bh[=u]rja. [root]254. Cf. 1st {Birk}.]
   1. A tree of several species, constituting the genus
      {Betula}; as, the white or common birch ({B. alba}) (also
      called silver birch and lady birch); the dwarf birch ({B.
      glandulosa}); the paper or canoe birch ({B. papyracea});
      the yellow birch ({B. lutea}); the black or cherry birch
      ({B. lenta}).

   2. The wood or timber of the birch.

   3. A birch twig or birch twigs, used for flogging.

   Note: The twigs of the common European birch (B. alba), being
         tough and slender, were formerly much used for rods in
         schools. They were also made into brooms.

               The threatening twigs of birch.    --Shak.

   4. A birch-bark canoe.

   {Birch of Jamaica}, a species ({Bursera gummifera}) of
      turpentine tree.

   {Birch partridge}. (Zo["o]l.) See {Ruffed grouse}.

   {Birch wine}, wine made of the spring sap of the birch.

   {Oil of birch}.
      (a) An oil obtained from the bark of the common European
          birch ({Betula alba}), and used in the preparation of
          genuine (and sometimes of the imitation) Russia
          leather, to which it gives its peculiar odor.
      (b) An oil prepared from the black birch ({B. lenta}),
          said to be identical with the oil of wintergreen, for
          which it is largely sold.

Bryony \Bry"o*ny\ (br[imac]"[-o]*n[y^]), n. [L. bryonia, Gr.
   brywni`a, fr. bry`ein to swell, esp. of plants.] (Bot.)
   The common name of several cucurbitaceous plants of the genus
   {Bryonia}. The root of {B. alba} (rough or {white bryony})
   and of {B. dioica} is a strong, irritating cathartic.

   {Black bryony}, a plant ({Tamus communis}) so named from its
      dark glossy leaves and black root; black bindweed.