资料来源 : Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913)

Association \As*so`ci*a"tion\ (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. association,
   LL. associatio, fr. L. associare.]
   1. The act of associating, or state of being associated;
      union; connection, whether of persons of things. ``Some .
      . . bond of association.'' --Hooker.

            Self-denial is a kind of holy association with God.
                                                  --Boyle.

   2. Mental connection, or that which is mentally linked or
      associated with a thing.

            Words . . . must owe their powers association.
                                                  --Johnson.

            Why should . . . the holiest words, with all their
            venerable associations, be profaned?  --Coleridge.

   3. Union of persons in a company or society for some
      particular purpose; as, the American Association for the
      Advancement of Science; a benevolent association.
      Specifically, as among the Congregationalists, a society,
      consisting of a number of ministers, generally the pastors
      of neighboring churches, united for promoting the
      interests of religion and the harmony of the churches.

   {Association of ideas} (Physiol.), the combination or
      connection of states of mind or their objects with one
      another, as the result of which one is said to be revived
      or represented by means of the other. The relations
      according to which they are thus connected or revived are
      called the law of association. Prominent among them are
      reckoned the relations of time and place, and of cause and
      effect. --Porter.

Idea \I*de"a\, n.; pl. {Ideas}. [L. idea, Gr. ?, fr. ? to see;
   akin to E. wit: cf. F. id['e]e. See {Wit}.]
   1. The transcript, image, or picture of a visible object,
      that is formed by the mind; also, a similar image of any
      object whatever, whether sensible or spiritual.

            Her sweet idea wandered through his thoughts.
                                                  --Fairfax.

            Being the right idea of your father Both in your
            form and nobleness of mind.           --Shak.

            This representation or likeness of the object being
            transmitted from thence [the senses] to the
            imagination, and lodged there for the view and
            observation of the pure intellect, is aptly and
            properly called its idea.             --P. Browne.

   2. A general notion, or a conception formed by
      generalization.

            Alice had not the slightest idea what latitude was.
                                                  --L. Caroll.

   3. Hence: Any object apprehended, conceived, or thought of,
      by the mind; a notion, conception, or thought; the real
      object that is conceived or thought of.

            Whatsoever the mind perceives in itself, or as the
            immediate object of perception, thought, or
            undersanding, that I call idea.       --Locke.

   4. A belief, option, or doctrine; a characteristic or
      controlling principle; as, an essential idea; the idea of
      development.

            That fellow seems to me to possess but one idea, and
            that is a wrong one.                  --Johnson.

            What is now ``idea'' for us? How infinite the fall
            of this word, since the time where Milton sang of
            the Creator contemplating his newly-created world, -
            ``how it showed . . . Answering his great idea,'' -
            to its present use, when this person ``has an idea
            that the train has started,'' and the other ``had no
            idea that the dinner would be so bad!'' --Trench.

   5. A plan or purpose of action; intention; design.

            I shortly afterwards set off for that capital, with
            an idea of undertaking while there the translation
            of the work.                          --W. Irving.

   6. A rational conception; the complete conception of an
      object when thought of in all its essential elements or
      constituents; the necessary metaphysical or constituent
      attributes and relations, when conceived in the abstract.

   7. A fiction object or picture created by the imagination;
      the same when proposed as a pattern to be copied, or a
      standard to be reached; one of the archetypes or patterns
      of created things, conceived by the Platonists to have
      excited objectively from eternity in the mind of the
      Deity.

            Thence to behold this new-created world, The
            addition of his empire, how it showed In prospect
            from his throne, how good, how fair, Answering his
            great idea.                           --Milton.

   Note: ``In England, Locke may be said to have been the first
         who naturalized the term in its Cartesian universality.
         When, in common language, employed by Milton and
         Dryden, after Descartes, as before him by Sidney,
         Spenser, Shakespeare, Hooker, etc., the meaning is
         Platonic.'' --Sir W. Hamilton.

   {Abstract idea}, {Association of ideas}, etc. See under
      {Abstract}, {Association}, etc.

   Syn: Notion; conception; thought; sentiment; fancy; image;
        perception; impression; opinion; belief; observation;
        judgment; consideration; view; design; intention;
        purpose; plan; model; pattern. There is scarcely any
        other word which is subjected to such abusive treatment
        as is the word idea, in the very general and
        indiscriminative way in which it is employed, as it is
        used variously to signify almost any act, state, or
        content of thought.